Adverse events Flashcards
What is meant by augmented pharmacological effects
This is were the drugs normal effect is stronger than the intended use e.g. Hypoglycemia from insulin [Can occur as a result of: MOA is stronger than intended, increased sensitivity to the drug or interactions that enhance the effects of the drug]
What is meant by a bizarre effect
This is when a drug has a predicted effect that is often has a high level of mortality e.g. Anaphylaxis from penicillin
What is meant by chronic effects
This is where drugs have adverse effects as a result of their use over a long period of time
What is meant by a delayed effect
This is where those that have adverse reactions are far removed from the actual treatment e.g. a child of a patient that is treated is affected
What is meant by end of treatment effects
These are effects that occur when the treatment is stopped e.g. Adrenocortical insufficiency after glucocorticoids are stopped
What is the average contribution of adverse drug reactions to medical admissions in South Africa
8.4%
What are the 5 most commonly prescribed drug of concern in seniors
- Propozyphene [analgesic]
- Hydroxyzine [antihistamine]
- Diazepam [anti anxiety]
- Amitriptyline [antidepressant]
- Oxybutynin [Urinary tract antispasmodic]
What are the 5 main safty tools that can be used to reduce the number of potential drug-drug interaction
- Training
- Dear Dr. letters
- Packaging labels
- Electronic medical records
- Drug use reviews
What are the common causes of ADR 4
- New drugs
- Incomplete patient info
- Unavailable drug info
- Miscommunication of drug orders
What should be included in a good drug history
AVOID Mistakes
A- Allergies
V- Vitamins and herbs that the patient takes
O- Over the counter drugs and the current medication
I- Interactions
D- Dependance
M- Mendel - Family history of problems
