rome #4 - #8 Flashcards
jesus
central figure of christianity, a jewish preacher, known as the savior who would restore the kingdom of the jews, was a carpenter, studied scriptures, people believed he was messiah, performed miracles, son of god, celebrated passover, betrayed by judas
apostles
jesus’s disciples or pupils who wrote the gospels
paul
an apostle who was an enemy of christianity, but changed after having a vision of christ, spent the rest of his life being an important missionary and spreading jesus’s teachings
constantine
a roman emperor who supported christianity and saw the symbol of the cross, ended the persecution of the christians and declared it to be a religion approved by the empire, issued the edit of milan
peter
an apostle who became the first bishop and pope, head of the christian church, pope claimed supremacy through the petrine theory - doctrine which was not accepted in the eastern roman empire
diocletian
an army leader who became emperor and tried to restore the empire
atila
a powerful chieftain
moses
received the ten commandments from god
abraham
father of judaism
theodosius
an emperor who made christianity the empire’s official religion, edit of thessalonica
bishop
a priest who supported local churches
diaspora
a period of jewish exile and the fall of jerusalem
pope
father or head of christian church
inflation
a drastic drop in the value of money coupled with the rise in prices
mercenaries
foreign soldiers who fought for money
constantinople
city of constantine
sermon on the mount speech – golden rule
treat others the way you want to be treated
judaism
- origin: palestine 2000 bc
- holy book: torah
- beliefs: monotheism, torah as god’s revelation, ten commandments
christianity
- origin: palestine 30 ad
- holy book: new testament
- beliefs: monotheism, jesus as son of god, the savior, ten commandments
jesus’s crucifixion
- jesus was tried for treason, and found guilty
- the pontiuos pilate ordered death/crucifixion
- his disciples spread jesus’s teachings
- romans were angry with the jews who refused to worship statues of roman emperors
- jews were tired of high taxes and pressure from romans
fathers of the church - scholars: agustine
- an important leader of christian thought
- wrote city of god (~420) defending christians
- said “rome fell because it became rich and corrupt and persecuted christians”
fathers of the church - scholars: jerome
- translated old/new testament into latin
- called the vulgate (382) - the official bible used by the roman catholic church
how did the jews influence the development of christianity?
jesus’s first followers, spread christianity throughout the empire
how did the pontius pilate influence the development of christianity?
they arrested jesus and sent him to death (crucifixion), after his death, his followers were even more convinced that jesus was messiah
how did the pax romana help promote the spread of christianity?
during the pax romana (a time of peace and prosperity), preachers could travel on roadways to teach and communicate with a common language, near the end of the pax romana, the romans began to exile, imprison, and execute christians
why didn’t wealthy romans like christianity?
the main message of christianity was the help the poor and the lower class
what was the cause of the trade conditions that led to the decline of the roman empire?
the disruption of trade was caused by hostile tribes on the border and pirates in the mediterranean
what was the cause of the gold and silver conditions that led to the decline of the roman empire?
the gold and silver drain was caused by the limit of expansion, they had reached their largest size and couldn’t expand anymore, so they didn’t have any access to new sources
what was the cause of the inflation conditions that led to the decline of the roman empire?
inflation was caused by the raised taxes, and the production of coins with less silver, resulting in the decrease of it’s value
what was the cause of the decline of loyalty and discipline in the military that led to the decline of the roman empire?
the roman soldiers gave their allegiance and loyalty to their commanders instead of rome, this also led the government to recruit mercenaries
what was the cause of citizen independence and loss of patriotism that led to the decline of the roman empire?
the empire’s conditions resulted in the citizens’ indifference and loss of patriotism because they didn’t care for rome as much as they did in the past
what steps did diocletian take to restore order and reform the empire?
he limited personal freedom, doubled the size of rome’s army, set fixed prices for goods to fix inflation resented himself as a god-like aura to restore the prestige of an emperor, divided the empire into east and west, appointed co-ruler
what did constantine do to reform the empire?
he continued the social and economic policies, ended the persecution of the christians, and moved the capital, made citizens stay in their jobs, moved capital to the east, restored the concept of one ruler
what caused the final collapse of the roman empire?
germans attack - cross the frozen danube river, known as the battle of adrianople, germans had iron stirrup and could cross the danube river, huns invaded
immediate causes:
- pressure from the huns
- invasion by germanic tribes
- sack of rome by visilgoths and vanduls
augustus’s accomplishments
- part of the second triumvirate
- glorified the republic
- started the pax romana
- set up the civil service system, postal system, grain supply
- census - tax collectors
- increased emphasis on learning and arts
- built libraries
- increased trade, no tax on goods
- strict laws
second triumvirate
augustus, antony, lepidus
caligula
- bad emperor
- gave his horse his own house made of marble and tried to make his horse a consul
- announced political reforms, recalled all exiles
- drained the roman treasury
- commanded troops to gather seashells
- caused riots
- sente killed him and his family
nero
- bad emperor
- reduced taxes, banned capital punishments, forbade contests involving bloodshed
- persecuted chrsitians, blamed them for problems
- began expensive projects for himself to show self-importance
- paid for projects with treasury
- eliminated family members and advisors
trajan
- good emperor
- first non italian emperor, born in spain
- military hero known for defeating the germanic tribes
- extended rome to it’s greatest extent
- built aqueducts and roadways
- created funds for the poor
- failed to stop jewish revolt
- remembered as one of the greatest
hadrian
- good emperor
- born in spain
- a champion of arts and culture
- established more schools and greek curriculum
- remembered for reforming the legal system and government
- fortified the territory - wall
- listened to people’s concerns
- suppressed judean revolt after trying to build a statue
marcus aurelius
- good emperor
- remebered as philosopher king
- consul
- protected the borders
- won battles in the east
- reign was plagued by invasions and natural disasters
- brought economic prosperity
