islam #1 - #3

Question 1

islam

Answer 1

in arabic means “submission to the will of allah”

Question 2

muslim

Answer 2

in arabic means “one who has submitted”

Question 3

hijrah

Answer 3

the migration of muhammed and a small band of his supporters

Question 4

mosque (mahsk)

Answer 4

an islamic house of worship

Question 5

hajj (haj)

Answer 5

pilgrimage to mecca

Question 6

qur’an (kuhran)

Answer 6

the holy book of the muslims

Question 7

sunna

Answer 7

the proper way of living

Question 8

shari’a

Answer 8

a body of law with the guidance of qur’an and sunna

Question 9

al-andalus

Answer 9

the most powerful of the states competing with abbasid

Question 10

five pillars of faith

Answer 10

1. faith - one god, muhammad is his prophet
2. pray - five times a day, face mecca: the holy city, call to prayer
3. charity/alms - give to the less fortunate
4. fast during ramadan - fast from sunrise to sundown during the holy month
5. hajj - pilgrimage to mecca, pray at kaaba

Question 11

the three main commonalities of all abrahamics religions

Answer 11

• monotheistic
• recognized many of the same prophets
• same god

Question 12

other propehts of islam

Answer 12

1. abraham
2. jesus
3. moses
4. david

Question 13

the hijrah

Answer 13

• muhmmad leaves mecca after the death of his wife, khadija
• migrated to yathrib
• yathrib - medina “city of the prophet”
• marks the first year of the muslim calendar, 622 ce
• established islam state with laws based on the quran
• belivers in islam began to call themselves muslims

Question 14

conflict

Answer 14

• quraysh v. muhammad and his followers - battle of badr
• meccans and muslims, battle of the trench
• muhammad captured mecca, destroyed idols and relics
• kaaha was rededicated to allah

Question 15

632 ad - muhammad dies

Answer 15

• muslim community needs to find new caliph
• leads to slipt in muslim community over who should be next leader

Question 16

why were muhammad’s ideas unpopular in mecca?

Answer 16

mecca was polytheistic, the people thought his ideas would lead to the neglect of the traditional arab gods, since mecca was a trade center, they thought it would harm their economy

Question 17

how was the hijrah a turning point?

Answer 17

muhammad attracted a lot of new converts and devoted followers

Question 18

why was muhammad’s return to mecca important?

Answer 18

many meccans pledged their loyalty and converted, he made meccans accept the religion

Question 19

how does carrying out the five pillars and other laws of islam affect the daily lives of muslims?

Answer 19

there is no split between religion and their daily lives, religion is part of their daily lives, they pray five times a day, is forbidden to eat pork and drink,

Question 20

why were muslim, chirstians, and jews considered abrahamic religions?

Answer 20

they are the monotheistic religions of the middle east that have the common origin to abraham

Question 21

what do muslims call chrsitians and jews?

Answer 21

muslims call christians and jews “people of the book” because they all have holy books

Question 22

how do muslims view jesus differently than christians?

Answer 22

muslims view jesus as a prophet, not a god or the son of god

Question 23

what did the “rightly guided” caliphs use as guides to leadership?

Answer 23

they used the qur’an and the sunna as guides

Question 24

why were they successful in their quest to expand the empire and spread islam?

Answer 24

they had a well-disciplined army, and the two empires, byzantine and sassnid had their own problems that made them weak. the people also supported islam

Question 25

what did the umayyads do during their rule?

Answer 25

they moved the capital to damaccus, abandoned the simple life

Question 26

how did the abbasids come to power?

Answer 26

they murdered the remaining umayyad family members

Question 27

what changes did the abbasids make during their rule?

Answer 27

they moved the capital to baghdad, a new city, that had key trade routes. they developed a strong bureaucracy, had a treasury, and had a department to manage army

Question 28

who were the sunnis?

Answer 28

• a group of muslims
• feel that devout muslims can be caliphs even if not related to muhammad
• supported the rule of the first three caliphs
• idea of majority rule

Question 29

who were the shittes (shi’a)?

Answer 29

• a group of muslims
• never accepted the caliphs who were not direct descendants of muhammad
• insist that only islam, special muslim leaders can interpret the qu’ran

Question 30

who were the sufi?

Answer 30

• a small percentage of muslims
• not concerned about the next leader as long as it is a muslim
• fast, chant, meditation
• , prayer
• goal is to get their minds in a state in order to connect to god
• didn’t like the wat rthe umayyads lives (luxurious)