islam #1 - #3 Flashcards
islam
in arabic means “submission to the will of allah”
muslim
in arabic means “one who has submitted”
hijrah
the migration of muhammed and a small band of his supporters
mosque (mahsk)
an islamic house of worship
hajj (haj)
pilgrimage to mecca
qur’an (kuhran)
the holy book of the muslims
sunna
the proper way of living
shari’a
a body of law with the guidance of qur’an and sunna
al-andalus
the most powerful of the states competing with abbasid
five pillars of faith
- faith - one god, muhammad is his prophet
- pray - five times a day, face mecca: the holy city, call to prayer
- charity/alms - give to the less fortunate
- fast during ramadan - fast from sunrise to sundown during the holy month
- hajj - pilgrimage to mecca, pray at kaaba
the three main commonalities of all abrahamics religions
- monotheistic
- recognized many of the same prophets
- same god
other propehts of islam
- abraham
- jesus
- moses
- david
the hijrah
- muhmmad leaves mecca after the death of his wife, khadija
- migrated to yathrib
- yathrib - medina “city of the prophet”
- marks the first year of the muslim calendar, 622 ce
- established islam state with laws based on the quran
- belivers in islam began to call themselves muslims
conflict
- quraysh v. muhammad and his followers - battle of badr
- meccans and muslims, battle of the trench
- muhammad captured mecca, destroyed idols and relics
- kaaha was rededicated to allah
632 ad - muhammad dies
- muslim community needs to find new caliph
- leads to slipt in muslim community over who should be next leader
why were muhammad’s ideas unpopular in mecca?
mecca was polytheistic, the people thought his ideas would lead to the neglect of the traditional arab gods, since mecca was a trade center, they thought it would harm their economy
how was the hijrah a turning point?
muhammad attracted a lot of new converts and devoted followers
why was muhammad’s return to mecca important?
many meccans pledged their loyalty and converted, he made meccans accept the religion
how does carrying out the five pillars and other laws of islam affect the daily lives of muslims?
there is no split between religion and their daily lives, religion is part of their daily lives, they pray five times a day, is forbidden to eat pork and drink,
why were muslim, chirstians, and jews considered abrahamic religions?
they are the monotheistic religions of the middle east that have the common origin to abraham
what do muslims call chrsitians and jews?
muslims call christians and jews “people of the book” because they all have holy books
how do muslims view jesus differently than christians?
muslims view jesus as a prophet, not a god or the son of god
what did the “rightly guided” caliphs use as guides to leadership?
they used the qur’an and the sunna as guides
why were they successful in their quest to expand the empire and spread islam?
they had a well-disciplined army, and the two empires, byzantine and sassnid had their own problems that made them weak. the people also supported islam
what did the umayyads do during their rule?
they moved the capital to damaccus, abandoned the simple life
how did the abbasids come to power?
they murdered the remaining umayyad family members
what changes did the abbasids make during their rule?
they moved the capital to baghdad, a new city, that had key trade routes. they developed a strong bureaucracy, had a treasury, and had a department to manage army
who were the sunnis?
- a group of muslims
- feel that devout muslims can be caliphs even if not related to muhammad
- supported the rule of the first three caliphs
- idea of majority rule
who were the shittes (shi’a)?
- a group of muslims
- never accepted the caliphs who were not direct descendants of muhammad
- insist that only islam, special muslim leaders can interpret the qu’ran
who were the sufi?
- a small percentage of muslims
- not concerned about the next leader as long as it is a muslim
- fast, chant, meditation
- , prayer
- goal is to get their minds in a state in order to connect to god
- didn’t like the wat rthe umayyads lives (luxurious)
