china #5 - #9 Flashcards
1
Q
sui: 581 - 618 ce
A
- constructed the grand canal
- land equalization system
- established army of professional soldiers
2
Q
sui downfall
A
- people were overworked and overtaxed
- failed invasions
- ruler was killed in a rebellion
3
Q
tang: 618 - 907 ce
A
- imperial examination system (confucianism)
- spread of buddhism
- reestablished safety on silk roads
- foreign relations and trade (korea, japan, persia)
- pottery became popular
- established tributary states
- tea from southeast asia
- continued grand canal
4
Q
tang downfall
A
- northern tribes
- rebels attack
- famine
- corruption
5
Q
song: 960 - 1269 ce
A
- paper money
- landscape paintings
- moveable type
- mathematics, arithmetics and algebra
- magnetic compass
- agriculture, gave land to lower class
- rice
6
Q
song downfall
A
- mongols conquered, overthrew
7
Q
yuan: 1279 - 1368
A
- united china
- postal/mail routes
- passports (medallions)
- coal
8
Q
yuan downfall
A
- following the death of kublai khan
- rebellion army drove monogolsout of china
9
Q
ming: 1368 - 1644
A
(basically everything under hongwu)
- korea and southeast asia paid tribute
- revived civil service exams (confucian values)
- code of laws (no longer following mongolian laws)
- agriculture reforms
◦ increased rice production
◦ improved irrigation(more crops)
◦ fish farming - new section of great canal
- seven voyages
- the forbidden city
10
Q
ming downfall
A
- isolation
- government corruption
- high taxes
- peasant uprising
11
Q
social structure during the tang and song
A
- emperor
- officials
- gentry
- newer and larger upper-class
- gained status through education and civil service (unlike the early days were it was based on land)
- middle class (merchants, artisans)
- peasants, soldiers, slaves
- confucian scholars put peasants above merchants because they produced goods and farmed for the economy, while merchants sold other’s goods
12
Q
wu zhao: the first female ruler who ruled alone (during the tang)
A
- buddhism was the favored religion so she built many buddhist temples
- appointed cruel ministers to seek out her enemies
gained power and support by:
- helping the poor
- creating a fake prophecy
- creating a fake petition
- removed corrupt officials
- framed the empress and got her removed
13
Q
foot binding
A
- started during the tang
- used to keep women subordinate
- men believed it was attractive to have small feet
- upper-class girls
- lower class had to work
- would decrease their role in society
14
Q
mongols
A
- nomadic clans people
- fierce warriors who admired bravery
- greatest skill in horsemanship
- from the steppe (dry, grassy plains of central asia
15
Q
genghis khan (temujin)
A
- “universal ruler”
- united the mongols
- army of calvary (soldiers on horses)
- used tricks and cruelty to conquer and defeat his enemies
16
Q
khanates
A
- khanate of the great khan (mongolia and china)
- khanate of the chagatai (central asia)
- ilkhanate (persia)
- khante of the golden horde (russia)
the khanates eventually split up because of the cultural differences and religion
17
Q
ogadai
A
- genghis khan’s most successful son
- succeeded his father as the second great khan of the mongol empire
18
Q
kublai khan
A
- genghis khan’s grandson
- defeats song dynasty
- sets up yuan dynasty
- tolerated chinese culture, but lived separately
- no chinese in top government positions
- encouraged foreign trade
- pax mongolica
19
Q
yuan dynasty
A
- the black plague
- sent troop againstjapan
- defeatedby kamikaze “wind of the gods”
- kublai khan experienced several defeats in southeast asia
20
Q
pax mongolica
A
- political stability
- safer on silk roads
- goods, ideas, and innovations spread
- chinese advances (tang+ song)
21
Q
marco polo
A
- venetian merchant (italian)
- traveled through yuan
- spreaded stories about coal, gunpowder
22
Q
hong wu
A
son of a peasant and commanded a rebel army that drove the mongols out of china
- erased mongol past
- korea and southeast asia paid tribute
- not allow outsidersto threaten peace and prosperity (the great wall)
- revived civil service exams (confucian values)
- code of laws (no longer following mongolian laws)
- agriculture reforms
- increased rice production
- improved irrigation(more crops)
- fish farming
- new section of great canal
23
Q
yong le
A
- son of hong wu (successor)
24
Q
forbidden city palace
A
- home of ruler, family, advisors, servants
- commoners and foreigners were forbidden to enter
25
Q
zheng he
A
- ming “treasure fleet”
- chinese muslim admiral
- led the seven voyages
- southeast asia to eastern africa
- distributed gifts everywhere he went
