china #5 - #9

Question 1

sui: 581 - 618 ce

Answer 1

• constructed the grand canal
• land equalization system
• established army of professional soldiers

Question 2

sui downfall

Answer 2

• people were overworked and overtaxed
• failed invasions
• ruler was killed in a rebellion

Question 3

tang: 618 - 907 ce

Answer 3

• imperial examination system (confucianism)
• spread of buddhism
• reestablished safety on silk roads
• foreign relations and trade (korea, japan, persia)
• pottery became popular
• established tributary states
• tea from southeast asia
• continued grand canal

Question 4

tang downfall

Answer 4

• northern tribes
• rebels attack
• famine
• corruption

Question 5

song: 960 - 1269 ce

Answer 5

• paper money
• landscape paintings
• moveable type
• mathematics, arithmetics and algebra
• magnetic compass
• agriculture, gave land to lower class
• rice

Question 6

song downfall

Answer 6

• mongols conquered, overthrew

Question 7

yuan: 1279 - 1368

Answer 7

• united china
• postal/mail routes
• passports (medallions)
• coal

Question 8

yuan downfall

Answer 8

• following the death of kublai khan
• rebellion army drove monogolsout of china

Question 9

ming: 1368 - 1644

Answer 9

(basically everything under hongwu)

• korea and southeast asia paid tribute
• revived civil service exams (confucian values)
• code of laws (no longer following mongolian laws)
• agriculture reforms
  ◦ increased rice production
  ◦ improved irrigation(more crops)
  ◦ fish farming
• new section of great canal
• seven voyages
• the forbidden city

Question 10

ming downfall

Answer 10

• isolation
• government corruption
• high taxes
• peasant uprising

Question 11

social structure during the tang and song

Answer 11

1. emperor
2. officials
3. gentry
   
   • newer and larger upper-class
   • gained status through education and civil service (unlike the early days were it was based on land)
4. middle class (merchants, artisans)
5. peasants, soldiers, slaves

• confucian scholars put peasants above merchants because they produced goods and farmed for the economy, while merchants sold other’s goods

Question 12

wu zhao: the first female ruler who ruled alone (during the tang)

Answer 12

• buddhism was the favored religion so she built many buddhist temples
• appointed cruel ministers to seek out her enemies

gained power and support by:

• helping the poor
• creating a fake prophecy
• creating a fake petition
• removed corrupt officials
• framed the empress and got her removed

Question 13

foot binding

Answer 13

• started during the tang
• used to keep women subordinate
• men believed it was attractive to have small feet
• upper-class girls
  
  • lower class had to work
• would decrease their role in society

Question 14

mongols

Answer 14

• nomadic clans people
• fierce warriors who admired bravery
• greatest skill in horsemanship
• from the steppe (dry, grassy plains of central asia

Question 15

genghis khan (temujin)

Answer 15

• “universal ruler”
• united the mongols
• army of calvary (soldiers on horses)
• used tricks and cruelty to conquer and defeat his enemies

Question 16

khanates

Answer 16

• khanate of the great khan (mongolia and china)
• khanate of the chagatai (central asia)
• ilkhanate (persia)
• khante of the golden horde (russia)

the khanates eventually split up because of the cultural differences and religion

Question 17

ogadai

Answer 17

• genghis khan’s most successful son
• succeeded his father as the second great khan of the mongol empire

Question 18

kublai khan

Answer 18

• genghis khan’s grandson
• defeats song dynasty
• sets up yuan dynasty
• tolerated chinese culture, but lived separately
• no chinese in top government positions
• encouraged foreign trade
• pax mongolica

Question 19

yuan dynasty

Answer 19

• the black plague
• sent troop againstjapan
• defeatedby kamikaze “wind of the gods”
• kublai khan experienced several defeats in southeast asia

Question 20

pax mongolica

Answer 20

• political stability
• safer on silk roads
• goods, ideas, and innovations spread
• chinese advances (tang+ song)

Question 21

marco polo

Answer 21

• venetian merchant (italian)
• traveled through yuan
• spreaded stories about coal, gunpowder

Question 22

hong wu

Answer 22

son of a peasant and commanded a rebel army that drove the mongols out of china

• erased mongol past
• korea and southeast asia paid tribute
• not allow outsidersto threaten peace and prosperity (the great wall)
• revived civil service exams (confucian values)
• code of laws (no longer following mongolian laws)
• agriculture reforms
  
  • increased rice production
  • improved irrigation(more crops)
  • fish farming
• new section of great canal

Question 23

yong le

Answer 23

• son of hong wu (successor)

Question 24

forbidden city palace

Answer 24

• home of ruler, family, advisors, servants
• commoners and foreigners were forbidden to enter

Question 25

zheng he

Answer 25

• ming “treasure fleet”
• chinese muslim admiral
• led the seven voyages
  
  • southeast asia to eastern africa
  • distributed gifts everywhere he went