china + japan quiz open response

Question 1

confucianism founder

Answer 1

confucius

Question 2

confucianism social order

Answer 2

• should be based on five basic relationships
  
  1. ruler and subject
  2. father and son
  3. husband and wife
  4. older brother and younger brother
  5. friend and friends
• filial piety is important
  
  • respect for elders and parents

Question 3

confucianism government

Answer 3

• rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living
• subjects should be loyal and law-abiding
• civil service forms a stronger government
• a king should be based on status, age, and gender to form a strong society

Question 4

daoism

Answer 4

• founder: laozi
• the ruler should feed and take care of his people, ruler should have knowledge
• empty minds and healthy bodies, people have no motivation or desires
• wealth and material comfort confuse the people who might desire them
• happiness and security are deprived by a lack of desire

Question 5

daoism order and government

Answer 5

• natural order is more important than social order
• government is an unnatural order
• ideal government is one that governs the least

Question 6

daoism universal force and harmony

Answer 6

• universal force guides all things
• humans should live simply and in harmony with nature
• relations among all living things

Question 7

daoist principles

Answer 7

1. dao (nature) is the first cause of the universe, it is a force that flows through all life (keep bellies full and minds empty)
2. believer’s goal is to become one with the dao, don’t fight nature, and embrace it
3. man is unhappy because he lives according to man-made laws, customs, and traditions that are contrary to the ways of nature

Question 8

to escape the “social, political, and cultural traps” of life, one must escape by:

Answer 8

1. rejecting formal knowledge
2. rely on senses and instincts
3. discovering nature and ways of the universe
4. ignoring political and social law

Question 9

legalists

Answer 9

• founders: han feizi, li si
• legalism became the political philosophy of the qin

Question 10

legalism social order

Answer 10

• punishments are used to maintain social order
• government should use the law to restore harmony

Question 11

legalism government

Answer 11

• believed in a highly efficient and powerful government
• rulers should provide rewards to those who do their jobs well
• the disobedient should be punished
• ideas should be strictly controlled by the government

Question 12

legalism principles

Answer 12

1. human nature is naturally selfish
2. intellectualism and literacy are discouraged
3. law is the supreme authority and replaces morality
4. ruler must rule with a strong harsh hand
5. war is the means of strengthening ruler’s power