finals: middle ages - age of exploration vocab Flashcards
fief
granted land
vassal
the person receiving the fief
serfs
people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born
tithe
church tax
monasteries
religious communities built by the church
papacy
pope’s office
secular
worldly rather than spiritual
sagas
collection of stories about the lives of early nordic and germanic people
eddas
collection of myths, legends, and poetry about norse gods and their enemies
clergy
bishops and priests who fall under the pope’s authority
sacraments
important religious ceremonies
canon law
church law, code of conduct
holy roman empire
german-italian empire created by otto i
lay investiture
when kings and nobles appoint church officials
lombard league
alliance of merchants
interdict/excommunication
a sentence from the church forbidding someone from participating in church services (sacraments etc.)
feudalism
social system where the nobility held lands from the crown in exchange for military services
simony
the buying and selling of church positions
friars
traveled from place to place to preach and spread church’s ideas
vernacular
everyday language of homeland
common law
unified body of law formed by the rulings of england’s royal judges
renaissance
revival of art and learning
humanism
an intellectual movement that focuses on human potential and achievements
patrons
people who spend huge amounts of money on art, supports artists
perspective
creates the appearance of three dimensions
utopia
an ideal place, no place (greek)
reform
a change for the better
catholic
universal, recognizing the pope as the head of the church
christian
someone who believes that jesus was christ; the savior of humanity and the son of god
protestant
a christian who belongs to the branch of the christian church that separated from the catholic church in the sixteenth century
papal bull
documents issued by the pope
laypeople
people who participate in the church
huguenots
french calvinists
theocracy
a government controlled by religious leaders
seminaries
educated church officials on church doctrines
anabaptists
believed that people should be re-baptized as adults
frescoes
method of painting, wet plaster on wall or ceiling
tikal
a major center in northern guatemala
glyphs
hieroglyphs symbols
codex
a book of recordings from the maya
adobe
sun-dried bricks
chinampa
floating gardens
qullqa
storage building mainly for food
quipu
knotted cords used by the incas to record numbers
chasqui
messengers who ran along the road system of the inca to spread mail
ayllu
age-old form of community cooperation, extended family group that undertook tasks too big for a single family
trepanation
drilling hole into skull
antiseptics
antimicrobial substance used to destroy germs causing disease
astrolabe
an instrument used for astronomical measurements and for navigation
cartographer
a person who draws or produces maps
compass
a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation
slave trade
the buying and selling of africans for work in the americas
triangular trade
trading network, eurpean goods → africa, slaves → west indies, goods from west indies → europe
capitalism
a economic system based on private owner-ship and the investment of resources for profits
mercantilism
belief that a country’s power came from it wealth
