Roman Republic Reiew Flashcards
What group of people founded Rome?
Latins/Etruscans
Where was Rome founded?
On the banks of the Tiber River
What was the basic unit of early Roman society?
Family-entire household (including slaves)
Describe the Roman families
Father was the sole authority
What values were Roman families taught?
Strength, respect, submission, courage, Patriotism, duty, dignity, self-control, loyalty
What happened in 509 BC?
Roman nobility overthrew the king and established a Republic
How did the Plebians gain power?
Tribal of Assembly, Law of 12 Tables
Who fought in the Punic Wars?
Rome and Carthage
Why did they fight in the Punic Wars?
Competing for land and trade
How did the Punic Wars end?
When Rome destroyed Carthage ground down with salt and people enslaved
What were the results of Rome’s empire?
- heavy casualties-1/3 men dead meant lots of widows and orphans
- Slaves and Foreigners became citizens
- Refugees flock to Rome and farmers lost job because imported grain was cheaper or slaves replaced small farmers
- people called for Bread and circus, rise in public entertainment
- other gods brought to Rome including immoral religious practices
- Few wealthy controlled government and used it to increase their wealth
- Regional uprisings led to increased Roman control of provinces
Who tried to reform the republic but were killed? Who killed them?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi
Killed by senate
What were the main rivals in the Roman civil wars?
Assembly versus Senate
Plebians versus wealthy
How did the armies change in the Roman civil wars?
Army was devoted to leader not Rome
When did the Republic end?
31 BC when Octavian became Ceaser Augustus
What contributions did the Romans make to law?
Individual Rights and Property protected, “Innocent until Proven Guilty”,
What did Roman literature express?
life, history,traditional values
What were some contributions of the Romans to engineering?
aqueducts-supply water
roads
arches, vaults, domes
Public buildings-large, durable, practical
What are the adjectives used to describe Roman Art?
Realistic and Patriotic
Who funded the Roman Games?
State-funded
What do the Roman Games show about Roman Culture?
moral decline, became more bloodthirsty
What was the one thing, concerning religion, most Romans agreed on? How did this affect Christians?
duty, loyalty, courage, worship highest values=emperor
Christians wouldn’t worship emperors
How did God make the world ready for Christ’s coming?
God’s perfect timing, Roman stability and wide spread empire, Greek “universal” language, Jew’s God’s chosen people
What does pater mean?
father
Who were the Patricians?
aristocratic class
Who were the Plebians?
common people
What does VETO mean?
I forbid
What does the term “Crossing the Rubicon” mean?
making a faithful decision from which there is no turning back
What is the difference between Epicureanism vs Stoicism?
Epicureanism- happiness is chief end of man
Stoicism- highest good to follow Roman Virtues
What is Septuagint?
Old testament in greek
Who were Romulus and Remus?
Twin brothers who were the children of a human and god. They were placed into a basket and floated down the Tiber River and supposedly started Roman.
Who was Hannibal?
Carthage leader who was a military Genius- who defeated the Roman army using his U-shaped strategy
Who was Julius Ceaser?
nephew of Marius and military hero in Gaul and Britain
Who was Marc Anthony?
Julius ceaser’s best friend avenged Julius death and lost to octavian in a war
Who was Virgil?
greatest Roman poet, glorified Roman state in the Aeneid
Who was Horace?
warned people of dangers of prosperity was a poet
Who was Ovid?
wrote metamorphoses-collection of love stories and myths
Who was Livy?
historian who used legends to treat patriotism and virtues
Who was Plutarch?
Taught parallel lives-biographies
Who was Galen?
wrote encyclopedia of medicine
Who was Ptolemy?
Taught the geocentric theory that the earth was the center of the universe
Who was Seneca?
taught highest good to follow Roman virtues
Who was Paul?
considered the greatest missionary through his writings
Who was Nero?
began the first official persecutor of Christians
Who was Diocletian?
the worst, most wide-spread persecutor
Who was Constantine?
passed the Edict of Milan and legalized Christianity
What happened 500 BC?
Roman Republic, Greek influence
What happened in 0?
Christ came to this earth, empire ruled by emperor, Pax Romana
What happened 500 AD?
Division and collapse of the Roman Empire
How did the geography of Rome influence the Agriculture?
soil and climate was suitable for farming
How did the geography of Rome influence the Trade/Travel?
no big mountains
What does Mare Nostrum mean?
Our Sea
How did Greece influence Romans culture?
Greece and Roman have similar beliefs in gods, family culture, and society culture
What boundaries show the greatest extent of its empire?
All areas surrounding the Mediterranean
Describe Rome’s Republic
A consul, senate, and Assembly, Law of 12 Tables
Define Republic
A form of government in which representatives of the public rule
How was Rome’s republic organized?
A consul which was 2 government officials who shared power and elected in 1 year terms and had to agree
A senate who made the laws and was the most important part-300 people who were appointed for life
A Assembly who were representatives of the people who eventually gained the right to veto
What laws ruled Rome’s Republic?
Law of 12 Tables
How did Rome build its empire?
Kick out the Etruscans
Take control of the Greek colonies
Strong army, treated subjects fairly, granted citizenship, no $ tribute just troops, protection, stability
How did Rome treat most of its conquered subjects?
With mercy and fairness people were allowed to keep customs and local governments
Why did people turn towards dictators in the Pax Romana?
When Octavian Ceaser Augustus “restored” the Republic but in reality ruled as an emperor
Who was the first Roman emperor?
Octavian Ceaser Augustus
Describe the Pax Romana
Many emperors,
Economic Prosperity by improved agriculture and increased trade
Social and political stability- tried to fight against the corruption
But corrupt leaders followed and generals took over leading to civil war and instability
What is Christianity’s basic beliefs?
Christ as both God and Man, came to earth, died, and rose again, from the dead, providing forgiveness and salvation for all who believe Him.
Why were Christian persecuted?
They were considered disloyal for not worshiping the emperor, lived in contrast to Roman immoral lives
Why did the Roman empire decline and eventually collapse?
Political reasons- poor leaders, army mixed with politics, corruption, Was the empire too big?
Economic reasons- huge bureaucracy and army cost lots of $$$, higher taxes, government makes more money=inflation and money becomes worthless
Moral reasons-society stopped promoting virtue and discipline with leaders who were corrupt, people looked to government for needs, life stopped being respected
Barbarian INvasion
