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Roman Republic Reiew Flashcards

1
Q

What group of people founded Rome?

A

Latins/Etruscans

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2
Q

Where was Rome founded?

A

On the banks of the Tiber River

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3
Q

What was the basic unit of early Roman society?

A

Family-entire household (including slaves)

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4
Q

Describe the Roman families

A

Father was the sole authority

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5
Q

What values were Roman families taught?

A

Strength, respect, submission, courage, Patriotism, duty, dignity, self-control, loyalty

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6
Q

What happened in 509 BC?

A

Roman nobility overthrew the king and established a Republic

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7
Q

How did the Plebians gain power?

A

Tribal of Assembly, Law of 12 Tables

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8
Q

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

A

Rome and Carthage

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9
Q

Why did they fight in the Punic Wars?

A

Competing for land and trade

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10
Q

How did the Punic Wars end?

A

When Rome destroyed Carthage ground down with salt and people enslaved

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11
Q

What were the results of Rome’s empire?

A
  1. heavy casualties-1/3 men dead meant lots of widows and orphans
  2. Slaves and Foreigners became citizens
  3. Refugees flock to Rome and farmers lost job because imported grain was cheaper or slaves replaced small farmers
  4. people called for Bread and circus, rise in public entertainment
  5. other gods brought to Rome including immoral religious practices
  6. Few wealthy controlled government and used it to increase their wealth
  7. Regional uprisings led to increased Roman control of provinces
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12
Q

Who tried to reform the republic but were killed? Who killed them?

A

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi
Killed by senate

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13
Q

What were the main rivals in the Roman civil wars?

A

Assembly versus Senate
Plebians versus wealthy

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14
Q

How did the armies change in the Roman civil wars?

A

Army was devoted to leader not Rome

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15
Q

When did the Republic end?

A

31 BC when Octavian became Ceaser Augustus

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16
Q

What contributions did the Romans make to law?

A

Individual Rights and Property protected, “Innocent until Proven Guilty”,

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17
Q

What did Roman literature express?

A

life, history,traditional values

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18
Q

What were some contributions of the Romans to engineering?

A

aqueducts-supply water
roads
arches, vaults, domes
Public buildings-large, durable, practical

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19
Q

What are the adjectives used to describe Roman Art?

A

Realistic and Patriotic

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20
Q

Who funded the Roman Games?

A

State-funded

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21
Q

What do the Roman Games show about Roman Culture?

A

moral decline, became more bloodthirsty

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22
Q

What was the one thing, concerning religion, most Romans agreed on? How did this affect Christians?

A

duty, loyalty, courage, worship highest values=emperor
Christians wouldn’t worship emperors

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23
Q

How did God make the world ready for Christ’s coming?

A

God’s perfect timing, Roman stability and wide spread empire, Greek “universal” language, Jew’s God’s chosen people

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24
Q

What does pater mean?

A

father

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25
Who were the Patricians?
aristocratic class
26
Who were the Plebians?
common people
27
What does VETO mean?
I forbid
28
What does the term "Crossing the Rubicon" mean?
making a faithful decision from which there is no turning back
29
What is the difference between Epicureanism vs Stoicism?
Epicureanism- happiness is chief end of man Stoicism- highest good to follow Roman Virtues
30
What is Septuagint?
Old testament in greek
31
Who were Romulus and Remus?
Twin brothers who were the children of a human and god. They were placed into a basket and floated down the Tiber River and supposedly started Roman.
32
Who was Hannibal?
Carthage leader who was a military Genius- who defeated the Roman army using his U-shaped strategy
33
Who was Julius Ceaser?
nephew of Marius and military hero in Gaul and Britain
34
Who was Marc Anthony?
Julius ceaser's best friend avenged Julius death and lost to octavian in a war
35
Who was Virgil?
greatest Roman poet, glorified Roman state in the Aeneid
36
Who was Horace?
warned people of dangers of prosperity was a poet
37
Who was Ovid?
wrote metamorphoses-collection of love stories and myths
38
Who was Livy?
historian who used legends to treat patriotism and virtues
39
Who was Plutarch?
Taught parallel lives-biographies
40
Who was Galen?
wrote encyclopedia of medicine
41
Who was Ptolemy?
Taught the geocentric theory that the earth was the center of the universe
42
Who was Seneca?
taught highest good to follow Roman virtues
43
Who was Paul?
considered the greatest missionary through his writings
44
Who was Nero?
began the first official persecutor of Christians
45
Who was Diocletian?
the worst, most wide-spread persecutor
46
Who was Constantine?
passed the Edict of Milan and legalized Christianity
47
What happened 500 BC?
Roman Republic, Greek influence
48
What happened in 0?
Christ came to this earth, empire ruled by emperor, Pax Romana
49
What happened 500 AD?
Division and collapse of the Roman Empire
50
How did the geography of Rome influence the Agriculture?
soil and climate was suitable for farming
51
How did the geography of Rome influence the Trade/Travel?
no big mountains
52
What does Mare Nostrum mean?
Our Sea
53
How did Greece influence Romans culture?
Greece and Roman have similar beliefs in gods, family culture, and society culture
54
What boundaries show the greatest extent of its empire?
All areas surrounding the Mediterranean
55
Describe Rome's Republic
A consul, senate, and Assembly, Law of 12 Tables
56
Define Republic
A form of government in which representatives of the public rule
57
How was Rome's republic organized?
A consul which was 2 government officials who shared power and elected in 1 year terms and had to agree A senate who made the laws and was the most important part-300 people who were appointed for life A Assembly who were representatives of the people who eventually gained the right to veto
58
What laws ruled Rome's Republic?
Law of 12 Tables
59
How did Rome build its empire?
Kick out the Etruscans Take control of the Greek colonies Strong army, treated subjects fairly, granted citizenship, no $ tribute just troops, protection, stability
60
How did Rome treat most of its conquered subjects?
With mercy and fairness people were allowed to keep customs and local governments
61
Why did people turn towards dictators in the Pax Romana?
When Octavian Ceaser Augustus "restored" the Republic but in reality ruled as an emperor
62
Who was the first Roman emperor?
Octavian Ceaser Augustus
63
Describe the Pax Romana
Many emperors, Economic Prosperity by improved agriculture and increased trade Social and political stability- tried to fight against the corruption But corrupt leaders followed and generals took over leading to civil war and instability
64
What is Christianity's basic beliefs?
Christ as both God and Man, came to earth, died, and rose again, from the dead, providing forgiveness and salvation for all who believe Him.
65
Why were Christian persecuted?
They were considered disloyal for not worshiping the emperor, lived in contrast to Roman immoral lives
66
Why did the Roman empire decline and eventually collapse?
Political reasons- poor leaders, army mixed with politics, corruption, Was the empire too big? Economic reasons- huge bureaucracy and army cost lots of $$$, higher taxes, government makes more money=inflation and money becomes worthless Moral reasons-society stopped promoting virtue and discipline with leaders who were corrupt, people looked to government for needs, life stopped being respected Barbarian INvasion

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