Chapter 18-20 Flashcards
What word means the time when machines replaced hand labor?
The Industrial Revolution
Where did Industrialization begin?
Britain
What word means turning many small farms into a few big farms/ranches?
Enclosure movement
What is the first product to be industrialized?
Textile
Who is the father of the industrial revolution?
Richard Arkwright
Who was the inventor of the steam
engine?
James Watt
Who made money off of steam ships
Robert Fulton
Who made the automobile affordable/mass production?
Henry Ford
Who made the lightbulb/motion picture/phonograph/many more inventions?
Edison
Who was the couple who won the Nobel prize for discovering radioactivity
Pierre and Marie Curie
Who came up with the theory of relativity
Einstein
What is the name for laws the government creates to protect inventors
Patent
What was the 1837-1901 in Britain
Victorian age
What was the belief that the government should assume responsibility for the material and social well-being of its citizens-from “cradle to grave
Welfare state
What word means government ownership and distribution of goods for the good of society?
Socialism
What did Utopians use to make socialism reforms?
education
What book was written by Karl Marx and (Frederick Engels)?
Communist Manifesto
What is the term for socialist who used government legislation to make reforms (in Britain in 1800’s)?
Fabianism
Who started the salvation army?
William Booth
Who started a number of orphanages in the 1800’s?
Muller
Who was the famous revivalist on the 1800’s in the US?
Moody
Who was the realism author?
Charles Dickens
Who was the Impressionism painter?
Monet
Who was the post-Impressionism painter?
Van Gogh
The sun never sets………
On the British Empire
What is the term for colonies that achieved a level of self-government from Britain in the early 1900’s, but remained loyal to the British Monarchy?
Commonwealths
Who was the “Liberator” of South America?
Simon Bolivar
what word means someone of European descent born in america?
Creoles
What word means a term for a person with one native parent and other European?
Mestizos
What word means the extension of power by one people or country over another, principally for economic gain, and usually achieved by force?
Imperialism
What event lead to the British government to replace the British East India Company as the ruling force in India?
Sepoy Mutiny
What event forced China to continue trading with Britain in the 1840’s?
Opium Wars
What event caused a coalition of 8 nations to intervene in China and establish “spheres of influence”?
Boxer Rebellion
What is the time of Enlightenment in Japan, when industrialization and modernization occurred?
Meiji Period
What was the nation that ruled Indochina?
France
What was the nation that ruled Indonesia?
Dutch
What was the nation that ruled Thailand?
Thailand was a free state
What was the nation that ruled Burma, Singapore, and Malaysia?
Britain
Who was the missionary who explored the interior of Southern Africa?
David Livingstone
What were the 2 nations in Africa that remained independent in 1914?
Ethiopia and and Liberia
What was the nation that wanted to build the Cape to Cairo RR?
Britain
What was the nation that controlled much of the Northwest block of Africa?
France
What was the nation that controlled the Congo during Imperalism?
Belgium
What was the nickname for the Ottoman Empire in the early 1900’s?
Sick Man of Europe
What was the name of the Balkans in the early 1900s?
Powder Keg
What was the term for science applied to industry?
Technology
What is the term for love and pride in one’s country?
Nationalism
What is the term for when pride turns into trying to “prove” self at the expense of putting others down?
Chauvinism
What is the term for the pursuit of national interests without regard of consequences?
Jinguism
What word means reliance on armed forces for national prestige and foreign policy?
Militarism
Who created the plan to try to keep France isolated from the rest of Europe?
Bismark
Who was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist on June 29, 1914?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Who were the central powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Turkey
Who were the allied powers?
Russia, Serbia, France, Italy, Britain, Japan
Who made the military strategy for WWl?
Schlieffen
Where did most of the fighting take place during WWl?
Trenches
What word means an agreement to stop fighting?
Armistice
What was the date that world war 1 ended?
November 11,1918
What were the last names of the Big 4?
Wilson, Clemenceau, George, Orlando
What word means payments for war damages?
reparations
What organization was created by President Wilson “to guarantee international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security”?
League of Nations
What document that nations signed to “outlaw war as a means of settling disputes”?
Kellogg-Briand Pact
What group of people was targeted for extermination by the Turks from 1915-1920’s?
Armenians
What 4 main ingredients are needed for industrialization to occur in a area?
- Adequate food supply
- Large and mobile work force
- Expansion of Trade
- Political stability
What did the Agricultural Revolution do?
- New Techniques
- New Machinery
- Enclosure movement
What were the consequences of Industrialization, how did life change for both the good and the bad?
Negative-poor working conditions, child labor, 14-16 hr working days , poor living conditions
Life changed by opening the beginning to higher standards if living for all, and the population and productivity bloomed
During the Victorian Era, what were some of the reforms made to solve the problems of Industrialization?
- The social reforms to end slavery, end child labor, poor houses
- free trade= no tariffs
- Political rights improved
- beginning of the welfare state
What are the 3 basic assumptions of Socialism as a philosophy and economic system?
- Humans are basically good
- Equality= group more important than the individual
- If you can improve society, you will improve humans
Compare the 4 types of Socialism
Utopianism- through education
Marxism- through violence and dictatorship to eliminate all social classes
Fabianism- through government legislative
Christian- through following the principals of the sermon on the mount
How did the church respond to the problems of Industrialization?
Sunday schools, orphanages, rescue missions, YMCA, revival meetings, missionary movement
What did Britain learn from the US war for independence that changed how she treated her other colonies? What did they become?
They allowed their colonies to slowly develop self-government , they became dominions or commonwealths of Britain with self government and allegiance to the king or queen
In general, how do the former Latin America colonies compare to the former British colonies?
The Spanish colonies were tightly controlled which lead to revolution
List and explain the motives for Imperialism.
Industrialism
Nationalism
Racist Humanitarianism
Personal Greed
Evangelism
Describe Britain’s relationship with China-what happened to the Boxer Rebellion?
Britain forced China to buy opium from them, in the boxer rebellion foreigners were killed by mobs of foreign troops, crushed and forced China to accept the “Spheres of Influence”
What was the Meiji Period and what did the Russo-Japanese war prove?
The Meiji period was when Japan changed from feudalism to industrialism, The Russo-Japanese war proved that Japan was a world power
What were the results of Imperialism?
- Exploitation of Native People
2, Resentment of Western Culture - Improved Economy
- Building of public buildings, Railroads
- Missionary Outreach
What caused the Great War?
- Industrialism-change in production of goods
- Imperialism- extension of power by one country to another
- Nationalism-love and pride in country
- Militarism-reliance on armed forces for national prestige and foreign policy
- Bismarkism fails-goal to keep France isolated
How was the Great War fought differently then other wars?
There were no weapons, like submarines, grenades, zeppplines, airplanes
Why did the US enter the war?
- Violation of neutral trading rights at sea
- Sinking of the Lusitania
- Zimmerman’s plot to involve Mexico in war against the US
- Allied Propaganda
- Humanitarian Spirit and Idealism
How did the Treaty of Versailles cause WW2?
It blamed Germany for everything and left Japan out which lead to the next world war
How did nations attempt to maintain peace after the war?
They created the league of nations, the Dawes plan, and different pacts
