Chapter 16 and 17 Flashcards
What was the rallying cry of the American War for Independence?
“No Taxation without Representation”
What was the rallying cry of the French Revolution?
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
What was the name of the French clergy?
First Estate
What was the name of the French nobility?
Second Estate
What was the name of everyone else in France?
Third Estate
What is the legislative body Louis the 16th called together in 1789?
Estates-General
Where was the location of where the National Assembly first met in, where they promised not to disband until they wrote a Constitution?
Tennis Court of the Palace of Versailles
Where was the place or event that the French Revolution began?
Storming of the Bastille
What is the date of French Independence Day?
July 14, 1789
What was the name of the social and political order in France before the Revolution?
Old Regime
What did the Jacobins want to do to the king?
Get rid of the king
What did the Girondists want to do to the king?
put the king back in limited power
Who was Louis the 16th’s wife?
Marie Antoinette
What was the main method of execution during the French Revolution?
Guillotine
Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
Robespierre
What word means all men can vote?
Universal Manhood Suffrage
What word means no government, chaos, mob rule?
Anarchy
What word means a sudden, illegal seizure of power?
Coup d’état
Who was the hero of the Battle of Trafalgar?
Admiral Lord Nelson
What word means Napoleon’s plan to close off the ports of Europe to British trade?
The Continental System
What word means destroying everything as you retreat?
Scorched earth policy
Who was the author of the 1812 Overture?
Tehaikovsky
What was the place of final defeat for Napoleon?
Waterloo
What is the period from 1796 to 1915 called?
Napoleonic Era
What is the belief in individual rights and personal freedoms, proponents of a Constitutional, Parliamentarian government?
Liberalism
Who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna?
Metternich
What word means war payments (what France had to pay to the other nations)?
Indemnities
What word means the neutral territory between two potential enemies?
Buffer states
Who was the person the Congress of Vienna put in charge of France in 1815?
Louis the 18th
How did the Congress of Vienna “protect the Old Order”?
Concert of Europe
Where were revolts successful in the 1820s?
Latin America
What was the statement by the US that told Europe to stay out of the West?
Monroe Doctrine
What was the country that successfully became independent in 1821?
Greece
What was the country that successfully became independent in 1830?
Belgium
What was the phrase about the French Revolution?
“Every time Paris sneezes, Europe catches a cold.”
Who declared “Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationalism”?
Nicholas the 1st
What does the word mean uniting the diverse national groups within the expanded boundaries of Russia around the culture and traditions of Russia?
Russification
What was the war where Britain sided with the Ottomans against Russian expansion?
Crimean War
Who turned nursing into a respectable profession?
Florence Nightingale
Who started the “Young Italy” movement?
Giuseppe Mazzini
Who was the architect of Italian unification?
Camillo di Cavour
Who was the leader of the Red Shirt Army?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Who was the 1st king of Italy?
Victor Emmanuel the 2nd
Who was the architect of the German unification, “Blood and Iron”?
Otto von Bismark
Who abolished serfdom in Russia, but assassinated?
Alexander the 2nd
Who was the author of Ivanhoe?
Walter Scott
Who was the author of Frankenstein?
Mary Shelley
Who was the author of “Ode to Joy”?
Beethoven
Who was the famous German opera composer?
Wagner
How does the Declaration of Independence show Enlightenment thought?
Social contract theory-government not created by the divine right of kings, government should be created by the people
Desim
Equality
Why did the American War for Independence succeed when the French Revolution didn’t?
The American war for independence was to keep things the same and just not be taxed while the French revolution was to completely change everything and the people used violence while in the American war for independence they wrote a letter and then used war.
What caused the French Revolution?
- The Enlightenment raised expectations of reform
- The American war for independence gave the French hope for the same freedoms
- The social inequality with the estates.
- Political inefficiencies by the kings led to dissatisfaction among all the estates
- Economic irresponsibility with an imbalanced tax system-those who had money were not being taxed, the verge of bankruptcy led to more taxes
Explain the Reign of Terror
The Reign of terror was a period of the french revolution when the committee of public safety led by Robespierre with 12 men in governing france. This was a time of suspicion, accusation, and execution, 20,000-40,00 were killed. Robespierre killed his friends and then was killed himself. The European Coalition tried to keep the revolution from spreading. The end of the national convention and a new constitution established the directory and the revolution finished with the ride of Napoleon
Why did Napoleon rise to power?
- His character-brilliant mind, timeless energy, tremendous abilities, charisma
- His military ability-educated in military schools, innovative techniques-fighting in the rain, fighting on Sunday, marching at night, good at inspiring troops
- France’s desire for an orderly government
What good things did Napoleon do as a dictator?
- Established peace
- centralized local governments
- furthered public education
- religion freedom
- Code of Napoleon
- Improved the finances
- Public works-built roads, bridged, canals
Why did Napoleon fall from power?
- lust for territory
- lust for power
- stubborn and unwilling to take advice
- Britain had control of the sea
- Rising European nationalism
What is the difference between Reactionary, conservative, liberal and radical
Reactionary was one who wished to reverse the trends begun by the french revolution and restore europe to its pre-revolution state
Conservative is one who wished for the existing conditions to remain the same without changing
Liberal is one who wished for gradual reform
Radical is one who wished to make immediate reform
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? What did it accomplish?
Purpose
To reestablish political stability
To maintain the balance of power in Europe
To respond to the Revolutionary ideas
Accomplished
France had to pay indemnities
Rejected french revolutionary ideas
Establish buffer states
Restoration of legitimate rulers (Louis the 18th)
Balance of Power
Describe the 1848 Revolts. Where did they begin? What were their end results? Why?
“Every time Paris Sneezes, Europe catches a cold”
It started with university students, workers agitated for change. Began with influence of France. Ended with disunity and either led to old government returned or a new government that brutally repressed the revolution.Why? Because of the unity
Define nationalism. List 4 major ingredients needed for it.
Nationalism-love and pride in one’s country
ingredients- common language, religion, culture, and geography
Describe the unification of Italy. What helped Italy unify the people?
9 states with a common language, religion, and history that were isolated by the Alps and were encouraged by napoleon.
Define and give characteristics of the romantic movement in literature,music, art
romantic movement- early 1800s cultural movement, a reaction against reason, violence, and repression.
Idealism
Emotionalism
Literature- longing for distant lands, fascination with the mysterious and supernatural glorification of the noble savage emphasising nature, love of freedom, pride and nationalism
Music- piano music, orchestra music, opera
Art- bright colors, landscapes and pastoral scenes, appealed to senses and feelings, national legends and folklores
