Roman

Question 1

How did the Roman empire begin?

Answer 1

In the Archaic period, Rome was essentially an Etruscan city; when the Roman’s overthrew the last of the Etruscan kings, they established a republic

Question 2

What was the importance of portraiture as a means of propaganda?

Answer 2

Rulers could be made to seem strong and capable in their portraits through idealism. This led to the people trusting them and seeing them as a good leader

Question 3

What advances in architecture did the Roman’s invent and develop?

Answer 3

• built a ton of roads

- mastery of concrete

Question 4

What culture fascinated the Romans?

Answer 4

They were fascinated with the Greeks, and their architecture often represented a Greek facade

Question 5

Which two cultures do the Romans bring together architecturally?

Answer 5

Greek and Etruscan

Question 6

Why was the tetrarchy formed?

Answer 6

It was an effort to establish peace and order in the Roman empire

Question 7

Head of an Elderly Patrician

Answer 7

• republican art
• images of ancestors kept in homes
• verism
• one is the sum of his or her experiences

Question 8

Temple of Portunus

Answer 8

• republican art
• ionic columns
• inner building, columns, engaged columns

Question 9

Pont du Gard Aqueduct

Answer 9

• early imperial
• dynamic functionalism
• brought spring water to the colony of Nimes
• harmonic; arches
• aesthetic and practical

Question 10

Prima Porta Augustus

Answer 10

• early imperial
• Pax Augusta and Pax Romana
• young head of state, 32 yrs old
• garb of a Roman general
• barefoot=godlike
• addressing his troops

Question 11

The Colosseum (The Flavian Amphitheater)

Answer 11

• early imperial
• Roman mastery with Greek elements (tuscan, ionic, and corinthian order)
• arches were integral to support
• dynamic functionalism
• propaganda (used to please the people)

Question 12

Trajan’s Column

Answer 12

• high imperial
• architect was Apollodorus of Damascus
• 625 ft high
• low relief wrapped around in spiral; form of propaganda; depicted military campaigns
• wider at top
• hollow w staircase inside

Question 13

The Pantheon

Answer 13

• high imperial
• temple to all of the gods
• greek exterior (corinthian columns)
• carry over from Etruscans (staircase and podium; one end; empty pediment)
• dome situated on a cylinder, forms a sphere
• coffered ceilings
• oculus at top (symbol of earth and heaven meeting)
• rotunda shape

Question 14

Marcus Aurelius Equestrian Statue

Answer 14

• high imperial
• looks greek with beard
• idealistic
• representation of emperor controlling an empire
• superhuman grandeur
• appears weary (indication empire is about to crumble)

Question 15

The Tetrarchs

Answer 15

• late imperial
• porphyry stone (durable, withstand time)
• same face, standing together (all united in same cause; absence of individual)

Question 16

Arch of Constantine

Answer 16

• late imperial
• nearby the coliseum
• took images from other emperors and placed on his arch (faces were modified to look like constantine)

Question 17

Verism

Answer 17

Representing things as they really are; people’s kind of representation

Question 18

arch

Answer 18

curved structure that spans a space and may or may not support weight above it

Question 19

concrete

Answer 19

rough building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, that can be spread or poured into molds and that forms a stonelike mass on hardening

Question 20

dynamic functionalism

Answer 20

engineering into the landscape

Question 21

the Forum

Answer 21

the public square of ancient rome

Question 22

basilica

Answer 22

A large church building

Question 23

Barrel Vault

Answer 23

a vault forming a half cylinder

Question 24

Dome

Answer 24

a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base

Question 25

coffers

Answer 25

a recessed panel in a ceiling

Question 26

oculus

Answer 26

a circular opening in the centre of a dome or in a wall

Question 27

rotunda

Answer 27

any building with a circular ground plan

Question 28

voussoir

Answer 28

a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch

Question 29

triumphal arch

Answer 29

a monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road

Question 30

princeps

Answer 30

“first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person.”

Question 31

pontifex maximus

Answer 31

the head of the principal college of priests

Question 32

Hadrian

Answer 32

• Spaniard, relative of Trajan, ruled for two decades
• Greco-file
• explorer and connoseuir

Question 33

Flavian Emperors

Answer 33

Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian

Question 34

engaged columns

Answer 34

a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall

Question 35

amphitheater

Answer 35

a building, usually circular or oval, in which tiers of seats rise from a central open arena

Question 36

patrician

Answer 36

an aristocrat or nobleman

Question 37

emperor

Answer 37

ruler of the Roman empire

Question 38

Marcus Aurelius

Answer 38

• philosopher; wrote Meditationes
• appears like Hadrian
• last emperor of the high imperial

Question 39

Constantine

Answer 39

• son of Caesar of the west
• dream of X and P = chi rho (Christ, endorsing of God)
• edict of Milan, ended persecution of Christians
• new rome in Constantinople