Ancient Greece

Question 1

What is the function of the kouros and koure statues? How do they relate to Ancient Egypt?

Answer 1

The function of the kouros and koure statues was to depict youth. There are similarities in the stances of both the Egyptian and kouros statues.

Question 2

What are the qualities of Ancient Greek temples and how would you recognize one?

Answer 2

Long and narrow, proportion of ends and sides 1:3; altar stood outside the temple at the east end; order, compactness, and symmetry

Question 3

Doric Order

Answer 3

• Wider at the base, narrows at the top
• situated on stylobate
• fluting
• metope
• triglyph

Question 4

Ionic Order

Answer 4

• base on stylobate
• moldings
• scrolls and volute
• flute
• frieze
• no metope or triglyphs

Question 5

Corinthian Order

Answer 5

• most ornate out of doric and ionic orders
• slender, fluted columns
• elaborate capitals
• acanthus leaves and scrolls

Question 6

Archaic sculpture

Answer 6

• Archaic smile!!!!!

- Egyptian pose

Question 7

Classical sculpture

Answer 7

• Abandonment of stiff and rigid Egyptian pose
• shift in weight (contrapposto)
• representing figures engaged in vigorous action

Question 8

Hellenistic sculpture

Answer 8

• exaggerated movement

- draw, dynamism, diagonal, and drapery

Question 9

In what period is psychological complexity introduced to sculpture? What period does it show full force?

Answer 9

Introduced in classical, full force in hellenistic

Question 10

The New York Kouros

Answer 10

• Archaic Greek
• stance is not naturalistic, resembles Egyptian stance
• Archaic smile to represent naturalism and humanness

Question 11

Exekias, Dice Game of Achilles and Ajax

Answer 11

• Archaic Greek
• black figure painting
• narration on roundest part of the vase
• first time figures are actively engaged
• example of line to add to the story

Question 12

Kritios Boy

Answer 12

• classical greek
• carryover from Archaic period; rigid, legs staggered, smile
• contrapposto
• eyes smaller
• appears in motion

Question 13

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (spear bearer)

Answer 13

• classical greek
• inspired by pythagorus (harmony of proportions found in nature)
• Polykleitos wrote threats of ideal sculpture, and then created Doryphoros
• opposites in harmony (gaze and feet, opposite arms and legs bent and straight)
• using precise measurements to elevate humans to be like gods
• ideal figure is 7 heads tall

Question 14

Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Athens

Answer 14

• classical greek
• doric order
• golden ratio y=2x+1
• columns have entasis (swell in center)
• post and lintel structure
• pantellic marble
• most perfect piece of architecture

Question 15

Praxiteles, Hermes and the Infant Dionysus

Answer 15

• classical greek
• tender, human moment between the two of them
• deities enter experience

Question 16

Epigones, The Dying Gaul

Answer 16

• hellenistic greek
• warrior being speared
• wild hair, necklace around neck
• elevated status of unseen foe

Question 17

Nike of Samothrace

Answer 17

• hellenistic greek
• victory granted to people of Samothrace
• sculpture interacted w fountain
• texture in features and drapery

Question 18

The Seated Boxer

Answer 18

• hellenistic greek
• not perfect, more human and natural, worn out
• male athlete is older, he’s scarred, very emotional
• created for a private setting

Question 19

Magna Graecia

Answer 19

the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of Southern Italy

Question 20

Humanism

Answer 20

A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized human potential to attain excellence and promoted direct study of the literature, art, and civilization of classical Greece and Rome

Question 21

Plato

Answer 21

philosopher in Classical Greece

Question 22

Aristotle

Answer 22

Greek philosopher and scientist

Question 23

The Ideal

Answer 23

A concept of something it its perfection

Question 24

Kore

Answer 24

refers to statues depicting female figures, always of a young age, which were created during the Archaic period either as votive or commemorative statues

Question 25

Kouros

Answer 25

free-standing ancient Greek sculptures which first appear in the Archaic period in Greece and represent nude male youths

Question 26

Contrapposto

Answer 26

Shift in weight in the sculpture to make it more realistic

Question 27

Cella/naos

Answer 27

the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture

Question 28

Pronaos

Answer 28

an open vestibule before the cella

Question 29

Pediment

Answer 29

placed above the horizontal structure of the entablature, typically supported by columns

Question 30

Frieze

Answer 30

long narrow band of sculpture that runs along the architrave of a Greek temple or another building

Question 31

Triglyph

Answer 31

vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze

Question 32

Metope

Answer 32

rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze

Question 33

Stylobate

Answer 33

the top step of the stepped platform upon which colonnades of temple columns are placed

Question 34

Peripteral columns

Answer 34

surrounded with pillars on all the sides

Question 35

golden ratio

Answer 35

y=2x+1, used for The Parthenon

Question 36

Athens

Answer 36

city of which Athena was the patron saint for; central place for art and architecture in greece

Question 37

Black and red figure ware

Answer 37

style of Greek vase painting; characterized by drawn red figures and a painted black background

Question 38

Wet drapery

Answer 38

A technique developed that allowed the clothing (drapes) to look fluid and flowing

Question 39

Realism

Answer 39

the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements

Question 40

Psychological complexity

Answer 40

Emotions are emphasized and represented