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COM MOD > Robbins Chapter 6 Tables > Flashcards

Robbins Chapter 6 Tables Flashcards

1
Q

Immediate (Type I) hypersens. immune mechanism

A

Production of IgE to release vasoactive amines and mast cells

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2
Q

Immediate (Type I) hypersens. histopathologic lesions (6)

A

vascular dilation, edema, smooth muscle contraction, mucus production, tissue injury, inflammation

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3
Q

Immediate (Type I) hypersens. prototypical disorders (3)

A

anaphylaxis, allergies, bronchial asthma

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4
Q

Antibody-mediates (Type II) hypersens. immune mechanism

A

production of IgG and IgM
binds to antigen on cell or tissue
phagocytosis or lysis of target cell by complement or Fc receptor
recruit leukocytes

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5
Q

Antibody-mediates (Type II) hypersens. histopathologic lesions (4)

A

phagocytosis, lysis of cells, inflammation, potentially no tissue injury

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6
Q

Antibody-mediates (Type II) hypersens. prototypical disorders (2)

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia, goodpasture syndrome

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7
Q

Immune complex-mediated (type III) hypersens. immune mechanism

A

deposition of antigen-antibody complexes
complement activation
recruitment of leukocytes by complement products
release enzymes and toxic molecules

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8
Q

Antibody-mediated (Type II) hypersens. histopathologic lesions (2)

A

inflammation, necrotizing vasculitis (fibrinoid necrosis)

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9
Q

Antibody-mediates (Type II) hypersens. prototypical disorders (3)

A

systemic lupus erythematosus, serum sickness, arthus reaction

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10
Q

Cell-mediated (Type IV) hypersens. immune mechanism

A

activated T lymphocytes
release of cytokines
inflammation and macrophage activation
T cell-mediated cytotoxicity

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11
Q

Cell-mediated (Type IV) hypersens. histopathologic lesion (4)

A

perivascular cellular infiltrates, edema, granuloma formation, cell destruction

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12
Q

Cell-mediated (Type IV) hypersens. prototypical disorders (4)

A

contact dermatitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, tuberculosis

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13
Q

Immediate Hypersensitivity Examples (4)

A

Anaphylaxis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies

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14
Q

Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of Anaphylaxis

A

fall in blood pressure (shock) caused by vascular dilation, airway obstruction due to laryngeal edema

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15
Q

Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of bronchial asthma

A

airway obstruction caused by bronchial smooth muscle hyperactivity, inflammations and tissue injury caused by late-phase reaction

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16
Q

Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis (hay fever)

A

increased mucus secretion, inflammation of upper airways, sinuses

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17
Q

Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of Food allergies

A

increased peristalsis due to contraction of intestinal muscles

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18
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

target antigen: red cell membrane proteins
mechanism of disease: opsonization and phagocytosis of red cells
manifestation: hemolysis, anemia

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19
Q

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura

A

target antigen: platelet membrane proteins
mechanism of disease: opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets
manifestation: bleeding

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20
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

target antigen: proteins in intercellular junctions of epidermal cells
mechanism of disease: antibody-mediated activation of proteases, disruption of intercellular adhesions
manifestation: skin vesicles (bullae)

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21
Q

Vasculitis cause by ANCA

A

target antigen: neutrophil granule proteins
mechanism of disease: neutrophil degranulation and inflammation
manifestation: vasculitis

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22
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

target antigen: noncollagenous protein in basement membrane of kidney and lung
mechanism of disease: complement and Fc receptor mediated inflammation
manifestation: nephritis, lung hemorrhage

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23
Q

Acute Rheumatic fever

A

target antigen: streptococcal cell wall antigen
mechanism of disease: inflammation, macrophage activation
manifestation: myocarditis, arthritis

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24
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

target antigen: Ach receptor
mechanism of disease: antibody inhibits Ach binding, down modulates receptors
manifestation: muscle weakness, paralysis

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25
Q

Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

A

target antigen: TSH receptor
mechanism of disease: antibody-mediated stimulation of TSH receptors
manifestation: Hyperthyroidism

26
Q

Insulin-resistant diabetes

A

target antigen: insulin receptor
mechanism of disease: antibody inhibits binding of insulin
manifestation: hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis

27
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

target antigen: intrinsic factor of gastric parietal cells
mechanism of disease: neutralization of intrinsic factor
manifestation: anemia and abnormal erythropoiesis

28
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

antigen involved: nuclear antigens

manifestations: nephritis, skin lesions, arthritis

29
Q

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

antigen involved: streptococcal cell wall antigens

manifestations: nephritis

30
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A

antigen involved: Hepatitis B virus

manifestations: systemic vasculitis

31
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

antigen involved: bacterial antigen

manifestations: acute arthritis

32
Q

Serum Sickness

A

antigen involved: proteins

manifestations: arthritis, vasculitis, nephritis

33
Q

T Cell-Mediated Diseases (6)

A 
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple Sclerosis
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Psoriasis
Contact Sensitivity
34
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Specificity: collagen
Mechanism of tissue injury: Th17
Manifestations: chronic arthritis with inflammation

35
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Specificity: myelin
Mechanism of tissue injury: Th1 and Th17
Manifestations: demyelination in CNS and paralysis

36
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Specificity: panceatic islet b cells
Mechanism of tissue injury: T cell mediated inflammation, destruction by CTLs
Manifestations: Insulitis

37
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A

Specificity: enteric bacteria
Mechanism of tissue injury: Th1 and Th17
Manifestations: chronic intestinal inflammation and obstruction

38
Q

Psoriasis

A

Mechanism of tissue injury: Th17

Manifestations: destructive plaques in the skin

39
Q

Contact sensitivity

A

Specificity: environmental chemicals ex. urushiol from poison ivy
Mechanism of tissue injury: Th1
Manifestations: epidermal necrosis, dermal inflammation causing rash and blisters

40
Q

Organ Specific Diseases Mediated by Antibodies (6)

A 
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Autoimmune atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia
Myasthenia gravis
Graves Disease
Goodpasture syndrome
41
Q

Systemic Diseases Mediated by Antibodies (1)

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

42
Q

Organ Specific Diseases Mediated by T Cells (2)

A

Type 1 Diabetes

Multiple Sclerosis

43
Q

Systemic Diseases Mediated by T cells (2)

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Systemic Sclerosis

44
Q

Organ Specific Diseases Autoimmune (1)

A

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohns)

45
Q

Criteria for Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (11)

A 
Malar rash
Discoid rash
Photosensitivity 
Oral Ulcers
Arthritis 
Serositis
Renal Disorder
Neurologic disorder
Hematologic disorder
Immunologic disorder
Antinuclear antibody
46
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1

A

defective leukocyte adhesion

mutation in b chain of CD11/CD18 integrins

47
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 2

A

defective leukocyte adhesion

mutation in fucosyl transferase required for sialyl-lewis-X

48
Q

What is the defect in Chediak-Higashi syndrome

A

decreased leukocyte functions

mutations affecting protein involved in lysosomal membrane traffic

49
Q

What is the defect in chronic granulomatous disease

A

decreased oxidative burst

50
Q

X linked defect in leukocyte function

A

phaogocyte oxidase (membrane component)

51
Q

Autosomal recessive defect in leukocyte function

A

phagocyte oxidase (cytoplasmic component)

52
Q

Myeloperoxidase deficiency defect in leukocyte function

A

decreased microbial killing because of defect MPO-H2O2 system

53
Q

C2 and C4 deficiency

A

defective classical pathway activation
reduced resistance to infection
reduced clearance of immune complexes

54
Q

C3 deficiency

A

defects in all complement functions

55
Q

Deficiency of complement regulatory proteins

A

excessive complement activation

56
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus infection

A

secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

depletion of CD4+ helper T cells

57
Q

Irradiation and chemotherapy treatments for cancer

A

secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

decreased bone marrow precursors for all leukocytes

58
Q

Involvement of bone marrow by cancers

A

secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

reduced site of leukocyte development

59
Q

Protein-calorie malnutrition

A

secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

metabolic derangements inhibit lymphocyte maturation and function

60
Q

Removal of Spleen

A

secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency

decreased phagocytosis of microbes

COM MOD (21 decks)

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