Robbins Chapter 4 Morphology

Question 1

Definition of edema

Answer 1

Movement of fluid from vasculature into interstitial spaces

Question 2

Subcutaneous Edema

Answer 2

seen in areas with high hydrostatic pressure and is influenced by gravity (accumulated in legs when standing but in sacrum when recumbent)

• termed dependent edema
• shown in pitting edema in the finger

Question 3

Periorbital Edema

Answer 3

characteristic of renal disease because periorbital edema is seen in areas with loose connective tissue

Question 4

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 4

lungs are 2-3 times normal weight

frothy, blood tinged fluid

Question 5

Brain Edema

Answer 5

brain has narrowed sulci, distended gyri which are compressed by the skill

Question 6

Hydrothorax

Answer 6

effusion involving the pleural cavity

Question 7

Hydropericardium

Answer 7

effusion involving the pericardial cavity

Question 8

Hydroperiotneum or Ascites

Answer 8

effusion involving the peritoneal cavity

milky appearance due to presence of lipids absorbed from gut

Question 9

Transudative Effusion

Answer 9

protein-poor, translucent and straw colored

Question 10

Exudative Effusion

Answer 10

protein-rich, cloudy appearance due to white cells present

Question 11

Congested tissue morphology

Answer 11

dusky-reddish blue color from red cell stasis

Question 12

Acute Pulmonary congestion morphology

Answer 12

engorged alveolar capillaries, alveolar septal edema, focal intraalveolar hemorrhage

Question 13

Chronic pulmonary congestion morphology

Answer 13

septa are thickened and fibrotic and alveoli contain heart failure cells

Question 14

Acute Hepatic Congestion morphology

Answer 14

central vein and sinusoids are distended

Question 15

Chronic Passive Hepatic Congestion morphology

Answer 15

centrilobular regions are red-brown and depressed and surrounded by uncongested tan liver
ex. nutmeg liver

Question 16

Direction of growth of arterial thrombi

Answer 16

retrograde

Question 17

Direction of growth of venous thrombi

Answer 17

in direction of blood flow

Question 18

Thrombi morphology

Answer 18

lines of Zahn

Question 19

Lines of Zahn

Answer 19

pale platelet and fibrin deposits alternating with darker red cell-rich layers
how you can tell that the thrombus happened before death

Question 20

Mural thrombi morphology

Answer 20

thrombi occurring in heart chambers or aortic lumen

Question 21

Arterial Thrombi morphology

Answer 21

occlusive

occur in coronary, cerebral, and femoral arteries

Question 22

Venous Thrombi morphology

Answer 22

phlebothrombosis

contain more red cells therefore are called “red” or “stasis” thrombi

Question 23

Postmortem clot morphology

Answer 23

gelatinous and have dark red dependent portion where red cells have settled by gravity
have yellow “chicken-fat”

Question 24

Vegetations morphology

Answer 24

thrombi on heart valves