Robbins 9th ed - Chapter 26 - Bones, Joints - Arthritis (2) Flashcards
Name some of the morphological features of osteoarthritis.
- Subchondral cysts
- Subchondral sclerosis
- Osteophytes
- Thinned and fibrillated cartilage
- Bony spurs
Name some of the morphological features of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Inflammation
- Pannus
- Fibrous ankylosis
- Bony ankylosis
- Eroding cartilage
What does ankylosis mean?
Stiffening of the joint due to abnormal adhesion between the bones involved.
What is the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the USA?
Approximately 1%.
What is a pannus?
A mass of oedematous synovium, inflammatory cells, granulation tissue and fibroblasts, that grow over the articular cartilage and cause its erosion.
How is fibrous ankylosis formed? How is bony ankylosis formed?
Pannus eventually bridges the apposing bones and eventually forms fibrous ankylosis, which eventually ossifies into bony ankylosis.
What is the most common pathogen causing infectious arthritis in children under 2 years of age?
Haemophilus influenza.
What is the most common pathogen causing infectious arthritis in older children and adults?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What is a common pathogen in infectious arthritis of female adolescents and young adults?
Gonococcus.
Which pathogen is indicated in cases of infectious arthritis involving multiple joints (polyarthritis)?
Gonococcus.
What is an abnormal investigation finding that is necessary for the development of gout?
Hyperuricaemia.
What is the name of the crystals that precipitate in gout?
Monosodium urate crystals.
In the pathogenesis of acute gout, there is precipitation of urate crystals in a joints. Give an overview of the immune response that ensues.
Complement activation, inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, macrophages phagocytose the crystals, release of free radicals causes tissue injury.
