A few random "must-know"s for the MCQ exam Flashcards
How is bradykinin produced?
It is converted from its precursor by the action of kallikrein.
What are the effects of bradykinin?
Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
Non-vascular smooth muscle contraction (e.g. bronchus, gut)
Pain
What is the most common pathogen in infective endocarditis?
Strep viridans.
Which of the following malignancies is associated with cigarette smoking? A) Astrocytoma B) Pancreatic cancer C) Renal cell carcinoma D) Osteosarcoma
B
At what age do fatty streaks occur in the aorta?
Can occur as young as 1yo, and they appear in virtually all children over the age of 10yo.
In osteoporosis caused by oestrogen deficiency, which factor stimulates osteoclast activity?
IL-1
Which of the following cancers is associated with a BMI over 25 in men? A) gall bladder B) oesophageal C) gastric D) pancreatic
B
Which of the following is a major manifestation of rheumatic heart disease? A) migratory polyarthralgia B) pericarditis C) erythema nodosum D) erythema marginatum
D
What do you know about Wilms tumour?
Occurs in the kidney.
Usually diagnosed at age 2yo-5yo
Although the tumour is malignant, the overall survival rate is more than 90%.
What are the two types of granule in platelets? What does each type contain?
Alpha granules - growth factors and coagulation factors
Delta granules - ADP, calcium, histamine
Name some features of Fat Embolism Syndrome.
Symptoms usually occurs 1-3 days after a traumatic injury
A diffuse petechial rash is pathognomonic, but it only occurs in 20-50% of cases.
Fat embolism occurs in 90% of patients with severe skeletal injuries, although only 10% of these are symptomatic.
White (anaemic) infarcts typically occur in the…. ?
Spleen, Kidney, and Heart
At what age does the thymus begin to atrophy?
Early teens.
What is the mnemonic for causes of pancreatitis?
GET SMASHED: G - gall stones E - ethanol T - trauma S - steroids M - mumps A - autoimmune S - scorpion sting H - hyperparathyroidism, hypothermia, hyperlipidaemia E - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography D - drugs (azathioprine, valproate)
