(RNA VIRUSES) Lesson 17: Coronaviridae

Question 1

General description of Coronaviridae

Answer 1

1. have a unique morphologic appearance of a crown
2. spherical, enveloped virions with peplomers extending from the viral envelope
3. Virion size ranges from 100nm-160nm in diameter
4. replicates in the
   cytoplasm
5. genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule
6. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of mammals (including humans, bats, and a
   whale) and birds

Question 2

have a unique morphologic appearance of a crown

Answer 2

Coronaviridae

Question 3

the name “coronavirus”
was derived from the Latin word ________ meaning ________

Answer 3

crown

Question 4

Shape of coronavirus

Answer 4

spherical

Question 5

large club-shaped surface projections

Answer 5

peplomers

Question 6

Coronavirus Virion size ranges from

Answer 6

100 nm - 160 nm in diameter

Question 7

Coronaviridae replicates in

Answer 7

cytoplasm

Question 8

Strand of coronavirus genome

Answer 8

single-stranded

Question 9

cause acute and chronic infections in humans and a wide variety
of animals, resulting in respiratory, enteric,hepatic, and neurologic diseases

Answer 9

Coronaviruses

Question 10

Coronaviruses cause acute and chronic infections in humans and a wide variety
of animals, resulting in?

Answer 10

(REHN)
respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases

Question 11

What year severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged from China

Answer 11

20003

Question 12

SARS stands for

Answer 12

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Question 13

emerged from China as a
potentially fatal and untreatable human respiratory disease that was caused by a
previously unknown coronavirus (CoV) strain;

Answer 13

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Question 14

In 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged from China as a
potentially fatal and untreatable human respiratory disease that was caused by?

Answer 14

unknown coronavirus (CoV) strain

Question 15

Discovery of this virus triggered a search for the reservoir species which led to
the identification of reservoir hosts of the virus, and many novel human, bat, and
avian coronaviruses;

Answer 15

SARS-CoV

Question 16

Coronaviruses infect a wide range of

Answer 16

mammals (including humans, bats, and a
whale) and birds

Question 17

They exhibit a marked tropism for these type of cells and parts

Answer 17

✓ epithelial cells of the respiratory and enteric
tracts
✓ macrophages of some animals

Question 18

was the first coronavirus to be isolated
from chicken embryos in 1937

Answer 18

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)

Question 19

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was the first coronavirus to be isolated
from?

Answer 19

chicken embryos

Question 20

What year does Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) first isolated

Answer 20

1937

Question 21

are pleomorphic and measure 120−140 nm in diameter

Answer 21

Toroviruses

Question 22

are enveloped with a tubular nucleocapsid of helical symmetry

Answer 22

Toroviruses

Question 23

The nucleocapsid forms a doughnut-shaped structure and the envelope contains a large number of small spikes (15−20 nm) that resemble the peplomeres of coronaviruses

Answer 23

Toroviruses

Question 24

Toroviruses nucleocapsid shape

Answer 24

doughnut-shaped

Question 25

the envelopeof this virus contains a large number of small spikes (15−20 nm) that resemble the peplomeres of coronaviruses

Answer 25

Toroviruses

Question 26

Torovirus particles consist of at least four structural proteins: ENUMERATE

Answer 26

1. nucleocapsid protein (N) 2. unglycosylated membrane protein (M) 3. spike glycoprotein (S) 4. HE protein

Question 27

The torovirus genome consists of a polyadenylated, positive-sense, linear molecule of ssRNA, which is estimated to be 20–30 kb in length.

Question 28

torovirus infectivity is stable between this pH

Answer 28

pH 2.5 and 9.7

Question 29

torovirus is rapidly inactivated by

Answer 29

heat organic solvents irradiation

Question 30

Animal Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Alphacoronavirus

Answer 30

1. Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV) 2. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus 3. Canine Enteric Coronavirus 4. Feline Infectios Peritonitis and Feline Enteric Coronaviurus 5. Rabbit Coronavirus 6. Ferret Coronavirus

Question 31

Animal Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Betacoronavirus

Answer 31

1. Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalitis Virus 2. Bovine Coronavirus 3. Canine Respiratory Coronavirus 4. Equine Coronavirus 5. Rat Coronavirus 6. Mouse Hepatitis Virus

Question 32

Animal Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Gammacoronavirus

Answer 32

1. Avian Infectious 2. Turkey coronavirus

Question 33

is antigenically related to coronaviruses of humans, dogs and cats

Answer 33

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE)

Question 34

Has one type of serotype which can confer cross-protection against Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

Answer 34

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE)

Question 35

is the respiratory variant of the virus

Answer 35

Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

Question 36

is relatively stabler in acidic environment (pH of 3.0) which allow the virus to survive in the stomach and small intestine

Answer 36

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV)

Question 37

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) is relatively stabler in acidic environment, what pH level?

Answer 37

pH of 3.0

Question 38

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) is relatively stabler in acidic environment (pH of 3.0) which allow the virus to survive in these organs

Answer 38

stomach and small intestine

Question 39

Both are prevented and controlled by vaccination with a live modified or killed vaccine

Answer 39

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

Question 40

**Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)** Developing lactogenic immunity in piglets: immunity to the disease thru __________ from vaccinated sows

Answer 40

colostrum

Question 41

**Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)** Developing this type of immunity in piglets: immunity to the disease colostrum from vaccinated sow

Answer 41

lactogenic immunity

Question 42

Acute and highly contagious avian respiratory in chickens

Answer 42

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Question 43

Source of infection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Answer 43

1. Infected poultry 2. Respiratory secretions and fecal excretions

Question 44

are principal source of infection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Answer 44

infected poultry

Question 45

Respiratory secretions and fecal excretions of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) are transmitted through?

Answer 45

Direct contact - aerosol, contaminated feed and water

Question 46

Clinical signs of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Answer 46

gasping coughing sneezing tracheal rales nasal discharge

Question 47

Causes severe respiratory distress in young chicken

Answer 47

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Question 48

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** results to economic loss in poultry operations

Answer 48

1. nephritis 2. drop in egg prod’n 3. loss of quality in layers

Question 49

Three disease forms of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Answer 49

3 R's Respiratory form Renal form Reproductive form

Question 50

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** pronounced in young birds than in older birds with caseous yellow mucous/exudates in upper respiratory tract

Answer 50

Respiratory form

Question 51

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** caused by Gray, Holte, and Australian strains of IBV referred top as the nephrotropic strains due to high affinity to kidneys and ureters

Answer 51

Renal form

Question 52

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** Gray, Holte, and Australian strains of IBV referred top as the nephrotropic strains due to high affinity to these organs

Answer 52

kidneys and ureters

Question 53

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** occur in layers affecting the ovaries and reproductive tract resulting to drop in egg prod’n and eggshell abnormality

Answer 53

Reproductive form

Question 54

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** Reproductive form: occur in layers affecting these organs resulting to drop in egg prod’n and eggshell abnormality

Answer 54

ovaries and reproductive tract

Question 55

**Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)** Reproductive form: occur in layers affecting the ovaries and reproductive tract resulting to?

Answer 55

Drop in egg prod’n Eggshell abnormality (wrinkled egg shell & thin shelled eggs)

Question 56

Lab diagnosis of IBV

Answer 56

1. Sample collection 2. Cultivation of virus 3. Laboratory techniques: - Fluorescein Antibody Test (FAT) - Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) - ELISA

Question 57

Sample collection of IBV  Acute phase:  Other times:

Answer 57

** Acute phase:** tracheal mucosa, lung  **Other times:** feces, kideys or cecal tonsillar tissue

Question 58

Cultivation of IBV:

Answer 58

 Tracheal organ culture using 20 day-old embryos  Embryonated egg inoculation thru allantoic cavity of 9-11 days old embryo

Question 59

Cultivation of IBV: _________ using 20 day-old embryos

Answer 59

Tracheal organ culture

Question 60

Cultivation of IBV: Embryonated egg inoculation thru ________ of 9-11 days old embryo

Answer 60

allantoic cavity

Question 61

Laboratory techniques used in IBV

Answer 61

1. Flourescein Antibody Test (FAT) 2. Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) 3. ELISA

Question 62

Prevention and Control measures of IBV

Answer 62

1. IBV vaccine 2. depopulation of infected flock 3. strict sanitary measures before restocking