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(4) VMCB > (RNA VIRUSES) Lesson 17: Coronaviridae > Flashcards

(RNA VIRUSES) Lesson 17: Coronaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

General description of Coronaviridae

A
  1. have a unique morphologic appearance of a crown
  2. spherical, enveloped virions with peplomers extending from the viral envelope
  3. Virion size ranges from 100nm-160nm in diameter
  4. replicates in the
    cytoplasm
  5. genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule
  6. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of mammals (including humans, bats, and a
    whale) and birds
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2
Q

have a unique morphologic appearance of a crown

A

Coronaviridae

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3
Q

the name “coronavirus”
was derived from the Latin word ________ meaning ________

A

crown

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4
Q

Shape of coronavirus

A

spherical

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5
Q

large club-shaped surface projections

A

peplomers

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6
Q

Coronavirus Virion size ranges from

A

100 nm - 160 nm in diameter

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7
Q

Coronaviridae replicates in

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

Strand of coronavirus genome

A

single-stranded

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9
Q

cause acute and chronic infections in humans and a wide variety
of animals, resulting in respiratory, enteric,hepatic, and neurologic diseases

A

Coronaviruses

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10
Q

Coronaviruses cause acute and chronic infections in humans and a wide variety
of animals, resulting in?

A

(REHN)
respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases

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11
Q

What year severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged from China

A

20003

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12
Q

SARS stands for

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

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13
Q

emerged from China as a
potentially fatal and untreatable human respiratory disease that was caused by a
previously unknown coronavirus (CoV) strain;

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

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14
Q

In 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged from China as a
potentially fatal and untreatable human respiratory disease that was caused by?

A

unknown coronavirus (CoV) strain

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15
Q

Discovery of this virus triggered a search for the reservoir species which led to
the identification of reservoir hosts of the virus, and many novel human, bat, and
avian coronaviruses;

A

SARS-CoV

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16
Q

Coronaviruses infect a wide range of

A

mammals (including humans, bats, and a
whale) and birds

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17
Q

They exhibit a marked tropism for these type of cells and parts

A

✓ epithelial cells of the respiratory and enteric
tracts
✓ macrophages of some animals

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18
Q

was the first coronavirus to be isolated
from chicken embryos in 1937

A

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)

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19
Q

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was the first coronavirus to be isolated
from?

A

chicken embryos

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20
Q

What year does Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) first isolated

A

1937

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21
Q

are pleomorphic and measure 120−140 nm in diameter

A

Toroviruses

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22
Q

are enveloped with a tubular nucleocapsid of helical symmetry

A

Toroviruses

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23
Q

The nucleocapsid forms a doughnut-shaped structure and the envelope contains a large number of small spikes (15−20 nm) that resemble the peplomeres of coronaviruses

A

Toroviruses

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24
Q

Toroviruses nucleocapsid shape

A

doughnut-shaped

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25
Q

the envelopeof this virus contains a
large number of small spikes (15−20 nm) that resemble the peplomeres of coronaviruses

A

Toroviruses

26
Q

Torovirus particles consist of at least four structural proteins:

ENUMERATE

A
  1. nucleocapsid protein (N)
  2. unglycosylated membrane protein (M)
  3. spike glycoprotein (S)
  4. HE protein
27
Q

The torovirus genome consists of a polyadenylated, positive-sense, linear molecule of ssRNA, which is estimated to be 20–30 kb in length.

28
Q

torovirus infectivity is stable between this pH

A

pH 2.5 and 9.7

29
Q

torovirus is rapidly inactivated by

A

heat
organic solvents
irradiation

30
Q

Animal Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Alphacoronavirus

A
  1. Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE) and Porcine Respiratory
    Coronavirus (PRCoV)
  2. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
  3. Canine Enteric Coronavirus
  4. Feline Infectios Peritonitis and Feline Enteric Coronaviurus
  5. Rabbit Coronavirus
  6. Ferret Coronavirus
31
Q

Animal Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Betacoronavirus

A
  1. Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalitis Virus
  2. Bovine Coronavirus
  3. Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
  4. Equine Coronavirus
  5. Rat Coronavirus
  6. Mouse Hepatitis Virus
32
Q

Animal Diseases Caused by Members of the Genus Gammacoronavirus

A
  1. Avian Infectious
  2. Turkey coronavirus
33
Q

is antigenically related to coronaviruses of humans, dogs and cats

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE)

34
Q

Has one type of serotype which can confer cross-protection against
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE)

35
Q

is the respiratory variant of the virus

A

Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

36
Q

is relatively stabler in acidic environment (pH of 3.0) which allow
the virus to survive in the stomach and small intestine

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV)

37
Q

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) is relatively stabler in acidic environment, what pH level?

38
Q

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) is relatively stabler in acidic environment (pH of 3.0) which allow
the virus to survive in these organs

A

stomach and small intestine

39
Q

Both are prevented and controlled by vaccination with a live modified or killed vaccine

A

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory
Coronavirus (PRCoV)

40
Q

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

Developing lactogenic immunity in piglets: immunity to the disease thru __________ from vaccinated sows

41
Q

Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCoV)

Developing this type of immunity in piglets: immunity to the disease colostrum from vaccinated sow

A

lactogenic immunity

42
Q

Acute and highly contagious avian respiratory in chickens

A

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

43
Q

Source of infection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

A
  1. Infected poultry
  2. Respiratory secretions and fecal excretions
44
Q

are principal source of infection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

A

infected poultry

45
Q

Respiratory secretions and fecal excretions of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) are transmitted through?

A

Direct contact - aerosol, contaminated feed and water

46
Q

Clinical signs of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

A

gasping
coughing
sneezing
tracheal rales
nasal discharge

47
Q

Causes severe respiratory distress in young chicken

A

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

48
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

results to economic loss in poultry operations

A
  1. nephritis
  2. drop in egg prod’n
  3. loss of quality in layers
49
Q

Three disease forms of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

A

3 R’s
Respiratory form
Renal form
Reproductive form

50
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

pronounced in young birds than in older birds with caseous yellow mucous/exudates in upper respiratory tract

A

Respiratory form

51
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

caused by Gray, Holte, and Australian strains of IBV
referred top as the nephrotropic strains due to high affinity to
kidneys and ureters

A

Renal form

52
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Gray, Holte, and Australian strains of IBV referred top as the nephrotropic strains due to high affinity to these organs

A

kidneys and ureters

53
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

occur in layers affecting the ovaries and reproductive tract resulting to drop in egg prod’n and eggshell
abnormality

A

Reproductive form

54
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Reproductive form: occur in layers affecting these organs resulting to drop in egg prod’n and eggshell
abnormality

A

ovaries and reproductive tract

55
Q

Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Reproductive form: occur in layers affecting the ovaries and reproductive tract resulting to?

A

Drop in egg prod’n
Eggshell abnormality (wrinkled egg shell & thin shelled eggs)

56
Q

Lab diagnosis of IBV

A
  1. Sample collection
  2. Cultivation of virus
  3. Laboratory techniques:
    - Fluorescein Antibody Test (FAT)
    - Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR)
    • ELISA
57
Q

Sample collection of IBV
 Acute phase:
 Other times:

A

** Acute phase:** tracheal mucosa, lung
Other times: feces, kideys or cecal tonsillar tissue

58
Q

Cultivation of IBV:

A

 Tracheal organ culture using 20 day-old embryos
 Embryonated egg inoculation thru allantoic cavity of
9-11 days old embryo

59
Q

Cultivation of IBV: _________ using 20 day-old embryos

A

Tracheal organ culture

60
Q

Cultivation of IBV: Embryonated egg inoculation thru ________ of 9-11 days old embryo

A

allantoic cavity

61
Q

Laboratory techniques used in IBV

A
  1. Flourescein Antibody Test (FAT)
  2. Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR)
  3. ELISA
62
Q

Prevention and Control measures of IBV

A
  1. IBV vaccine
  2. depopulation of infected flock
  3. strict sanitary measures before restocking

(4) VMCB (15 decks)

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