(DNA VIRUSES) Lesson 9: Adenoviridae Flashcards
General description
Non-enveloped, double-stranded
DNA viruses
Icosahedral symmetry
Replicate in nuclei, forming
intranuclear inclusion bodies
Moderately stable in the
environment
Has four genera
Causes systemic and respiratory diseases in dogs
Causes systemic diseases in poultry
Four genera of Adenoviridae
– Aviadenovirus, avian adenoviruses
– Mastadenovirus, mammalian adenoviruses
– Atadenovirus, viruses of vertebrates
– Siadenovirus, amphibian virus and avian virus
Aviadenovirus is the virus of what animal?
avian adenoviruses
Mastadenovirus is the virus of what animal?
mammalian adenoviruses
Atadenovirus is the virus of what animal?
viruses of vertebrates
Siadenovirus is the virus of what animal?
amphibian virus and avian virus
avian adenoviruses
Aviadenovirus
mammalian adenoviruses
Mastadenovirus
viruses of vertebrates
Atadenovirus
amphibian virus and avian virus
Siadenovirus
Causes systemic and respiratory diseases in dogs
Adenoviridae
Causes systemic diseases in poultry
Adenoviridae
viruses under Mastadenovirus
(BECOP)
Bovine adenovirus A, B, C
Equine adenovirus A, B
Canine adenovirus
Ovine adenovirus A, B
Porcine adenovirus A, B, C
viruses under Aviadenovirus
Fowl adenovirus A, B, C, D, E
Goose adenovirus
viruses under Atadenovirus
(BOD)
Bovine adenovirus D
Ovine adenovirus D
Duck adenovirus A
viruses under Siadenovirus
Frog adenovirus
Turkey adenovirus A
causes infectious canine hepatitis, with lesions arising from direct cytopathic effects and immune complex formation
Canine adenovirus serotype1 (dog, fox)
It is involved in infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough), a highly contagious respiratory disease
Canine adenovirus serotype 2 (dog)
kennel cough also known as
tracheobronchitis
Canine adenovirus serotype 2 causes what?
infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)
Usually, it is a subclinical or mild respiratory infection in the horse population.
Equine adenovirus A
It is associated with pneumonia, which is invariably fatal, in Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency disease
Equine adenovirus A
Associated with occasional outbreaks of respiratory and enteric disease
Bovine adenoviruses
Ovine adenoviruses
Usually subclinical infections; occasionally cause diarrhoea
Porcine adenoviruses
Frequently isolated from healthy birds or following respiratory disease. Associated with quail bronchitis, inclusion body hepatitis, and hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome
Fowl adenoviruses
Fowl adenoviruses are associated with what conditions?
Quail bronchitis
Inclusion body hepatitis
Hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome
Causes egg drop syndrome in laying hens
Duck adenovirus A
Causes turkey haemorrhagic enteritis (dysentery in 4 to 12-week-old poults with a mortality rate of up to 60%) and marble spleen disease
in pheasants (characterized by sudden death, pulmonary oedema and splenic necrosis in 2 to 8-month-old birds)
Turkey adenovirus A
Turkey adenovirus A causes the following conditions
haemorrhagic enteritis
marble spleen disease
dysentery in 4 to 12-week-old poults with a mortality rate of up to 60%
haemorrhagic enteritis (Turkey adenovirus A)
characterized by sudden death, pulmonary oedema and splenic necrosis in 2 to 8-month-old birds
marble spleen disease (Turkey adenovirus A)
isolated from fowl, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, ducks, quail, geese, guinea fowl
and budgerigars
Avian adenovirus
distribution of the Avian adenovirus
Worldwide
an important source of infection of the Avian adenovirus
Faeces
This transmission also occurs in Avian adenovirus
Egg transmission
It controls infections in young birds caused by Avian adenovirus
Maternal antibodies
It occurs chiefly in broilers but can also be seen in rearing pullets
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)
IBH stands for what?
Inclusion Body Hepatitis
TRUE or FALSE
Several fowl adenoviruses have been associated with IBH
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
Mortality: 10%- 30% where there is immunosuppression due to infectious bursal disease or chicken anaemia virus infection.
TRUE
What are the lesions of Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)
Enlarged, friable liver with haemorrhages on the surface
Intramuscular haemorrhages and anaemia
TRUE or FALSE
Histologically there is hepatic necrosis and intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
vaccines for Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) are not routinely available
FALSE
It was first described in Northern Ireland in 1976.
Egg drop syndrome
In what place and year egg drop syndrome is first described?
Northern Ireland in 1976
The disease is characterized by a drop in egg production, by the laying of abnormal eggs, or by a failure to peak.
Egg drop syndrome
The condition is usually seen in hens between the start of lay and 36
weeks of age.
Egg drop syndrome
Lesions of Egg drop syndrome are found in?
oviduct and pouch shell gland
Intranuclear inclusions of the Egg drop syndrome are commonly seen here
epithelial cells of the pouch shell gland
Detection of the Duck adenovirus A that causes Egg drop syndrome
Immunofluorescence
ELISA
PCR
The virus agglutinates avian red cells
Duck adenovirus A (Egg drop syndrome)
this test is the test of choice for the detection of antibodies of the Duck adenovirus A (Egg drop syndrome)
HAI test
what are the two closely related serotypes of canine adenovirus
canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2)
Under natural conditions, this virus is associated with a generalized infection, infectious canine hepatitis
CAV-1
It is more commonly associated with respiratory disease.
CAV-2
Canine adenovirus type 1 causes what conditions?
Infectious Canine Hepatitis or Rubarths Disease
Worldwide in distribution but rarely causes disease due to widespread
use of commercial vaccine
Canine adenovirus type 1
Canine adenovirus type 1 affects this organ and part
liver and vascular endothelium
Canine adenovirus type 1 is transmitted via?
urine, feces, or saliva
Canine adenovirus type 1 may persist in this organ and, in some instances, may be excreted in urine for more than 6 months.
kidneys
In __________ caused by Canine adenovirus type 1, death occurs so rapidly that poisoning may be suspected.
peracute disease
In __________ caused by Canine adenovirus type 1, affected dogs present with fever, depression, anorexia, increased thirst, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
acute disease
TRUE or FALSE
animals affected by Canine adenovirus type 1 and recovered from it have life-long immunity.
TRUE
Samples of these organs are also suitable for Canine adenovirus type 1 isolation.
spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney
Because of high levels of this activity in hepatic tissue, __________ samples are unsuitable for virus isolation as this enzyme inhibits viral replication in tissue culture.
arginase activity
liver
this enzyme inhibits viral replication in tissue culture
arginase
A rising antibody titer detectable using these tests is indicative of active CAV-1 infection
Neutralization or Haemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Treatment for Canine adenovirus 1
Supportive therapy, vaccinations
Where does Canine adenovirus 1 replicate?
tonsils and Payer’s patches
is readily transmitted by aerosol, replicating in both the upper and lower respiratory tract
Canine adenovirus type 2
Clinical signs of this virus are typically mild or inapparent.
Canine adenovirus type 2
Affected dogs present with signs typical of canine infectious tracheobronchitis (‘kennel cough’).
Canine adenovirus type 2
TRUE or FALSE
Most dogs recover uneventfully and are immune to subsequent challenges.
TRUE
Canine adenovirus type 2 is shed for about eight or nine days post-infection and can be isolated from ____________.
nasal or oropharyngeal swabs
Diagnosis of Canine adenovirus type 2 can be confirmed by virus isolation in susceptible cells such as the ff
Madin–Darby canine kidney cells
In situ hybridization
PCR
Fowl adenoviruses are associated with these conditions
Quail bronchitis
Inclusion body hepatitis
Hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome
Fowl adenoviruses are associated with these conditions
Quail bronchitis
Inclusion body hepatitis
Hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome
