(DNA VIRUSES) Lesson 9: Adenoviridae Flashcards by Danica Mae Araza

General description

 Non-enveloped, double-stranded
DNA viruses
 Icosahedral symmetry
 Replicate in nuclei, forming
intranuclear inclusion bodies
 Moderately stable in the
environment
 Has four genera
 Causes systemic and respiratory diseases in dogs
 Causes systemic diseases in poultry

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Four genera of Adenoviridae

– Aviadenovirus, avian adenoviruses
– Mastadenovirus, mammalian adenoviruses
– Atadenovirus, viruses of vertebrates
– Siadenovirus, amphibian virus and avian virus

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Aviadenovirus is the virus of what animal?

avian adenoviruses

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Mastadenovirus is the virus of what animal?

mammalian adenoviruses

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Atadenovirus is the virus of what animal?

viruses of vertebrates

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Siadenovirus is the virus of what animal?

amphibian virus and avian virus

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avian adenoviruses

Aviadenovirus

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mammalian adenoviruses

Mastadenovirus

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viruses of vertebrates

Atadenovirus

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amphibian virus and avian virus

Siadenovirus

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Causes systemic and respiratory diseases in dogs

Adenoviridae

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Causes systemic diseases in poultry

Adenoviridae

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viruses under Mastadenovirus

(BECOP)
Bovine adenovirus A, B, C
Equine adenovirus A, B
Canine adenovirus
Ovine adenovirus A, B
Porcine adenovirus A, B, C

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viruses under Aviadenovirus

Fowl adenovirus A, B, C, D, E
Goose adenovirus

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viruses under Atadenovirus

(BOD)
Bovine adenovirus D
Ovine adenovirus D
Duck adenovirus A

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viruses under Siadenovirus

Frog adenovirus
Turkey adenovirus A

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causes infectious canine hepatitis, with lesions arising from direct cytopathic effects and immune complex formation

Canine adenovirus serotype1 (dog, fox)

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It is involved in infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough), a highly contagious respiratory disease

Canine adenovirus serotype 2 (dog)

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kennel cough also known as

tracheobronchitis

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Canine adenovirus serotype 2 causes what?

infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)

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Usually, it is a subclinical or mild respiratory infection in the horse population.

Equine adenovirus A

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It is associated with pneumonia, which is invariably fatal, in Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Equine adenovirus A

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Associated with occasional outbreaks of respiratory and enteric disease

Bovine adenoviruses
Ovine adenoviruses

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Usually subclinical infections; occasionally cause diarrhoea

Porcine adenoviruses

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Frequently isolated from healthy birds or following respiratory disease. Associated with quail bronchitis, inclusion body hepatitis, and hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome

Fowl adenoviruses

Fowl adenoviruses are associated with what conditions?

Quail bronchitis Inclusion body hepatitis Hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome

Causes egg drop syndrome in laying hens

Duck adenovirus A

Causes turkey haemorrhagic enteritis (dysentery in 4 to 12-week-old poults with a mortality rate of up to 60%) and marble spleen disease in pheasants (characterized by sudden death, pulmonary oedema and splenic necrosis in 2 to 8-month-old birds)

Turkey adenovirus A

Turkey adenovirus A causes the following conditions

haemorrhagic enteritis marble spleen disease

dysentery in 4 to 12-week-old poults with a mortality rate of up to 60%

haemorrhagic enteritis (Turkey adenovirus A)

characterized by sudden death, pulmonary oedema and splenic necrosis in 2 to 8-month-old birds

marble spleen disease (Turkey adenovirus A)

isolated from fowl, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, ducks, quail, geese, guinea fowl and budgerigars

Avian adenovirus

distribution of the Avian adenovirus

Worldwide

an important source of infection of the Avian adenovirus

Faeces

This transmission also occurs in Avian adenovirus

Egg transmission

It controls infections in young birds caused by Avian adenovirus

Maternal antibodies

It occurs chiefly in broilers but can also be seen in rearing pullets

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)

IBH stands for what?

Inclusion Body Hepatitis

TRUE or FALSE Several fowl adenoviruses have been associated with IBH

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE Mortality: 10%- 30% where there is immunosuppression due to infectious bursal disease or chicken anaemia virus infection.

TRUE

What are the lesions of Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)

Enlarged, friable liver with haemorrhages on the surface Intramuscular haemorrhages and anaemia

TRUE or FALSE Histologically there is hepatic necrosis and intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE vaccines for Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) are not routinely available

FALSE

It was first described in Northern Ireland in 1976.

Egg drop syndrome

In what place and year egg drop syndrome is first described?

Northern Ireland in 1976

The disease is characterized by a drop in egg production, by the laying of abnormal eggs, or by a failure to peak.

Egg drop syndrome

The condition is usually seen in hens between the start of lay and 36 weeks of age.

Egg drop syndrome

Lesions of Egg drop syndrome are found in?

oviduct and pouch shell gland

Intranuclear inclusions of the Egg drop syndrome are commonly seen here

epithelial cells of the pouch shell gland

Detection of the Duck adenovirus A that causes Egg drop syndrome

Immunofluorescence ELISA PCR

The virus agglutinates avian red cells

Duck adenovirus A (Egg drop syndrome)

this test is the test of choice for the detection of antibodies of the Duck adenovirus A (Egg drop syndrome)

HAI test

what are the two closely related serotypes of canine adenovirus

canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2)

Under natural conditions, this virus is associated with a generalized infection, infectious canine hepatitis

CAV-1

It is more commonly associated with respiratory disease.

CAV-2

Canine adenovirus type 1 causes what conditions?

Infectious Canine Hepatitis or Rubarths Disease

Worldwide in distribution but rarely causes disease due to widespread use of commercial vaccine

Canine adenovirus type 1

Canine adenovirus type 1 affects this organ and part

liver and vascular endothelium

Canine adenovirus type 1 is transmitted via?

urine, feces, or saliva

Canine adenovirus type 1 may persist in this organ and, in some instances, may be excreted in urine for more than 6 months.

kidneys

In __________ caused by Canine adenovirus type 1, death occurs so rapidly that poisoning may be suspected.

peracute disease

In __________ caused by Canine adenovirus type 1, affected dogs present with fever, depression, anorexia, increased thirst, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

acute disease

TRUE or FALSE animals affected by Canine adenovirus type 1 and recovered from it have life-long immunity.

TRUE

Samples of these organs are also suitable for Canine adenovirus type 1 isolation.

spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney

Because of high levels of this activity in hepatic tissue, __________ samples are unsuitable for virus isolation as this enzyme inhibits viral replication in tissue culture.

arginase activity liver

this enzyme inhibits viral replication in tissue culture

arginase

A rising antibody titer detectable using these tests is indicative of active CAV-1 infection

Neutralization or Haemagglutination Inhibition Tests

Treatment for Canine adenovirus 1

Supportive therapy, vaccinations

Where does Canine adenovirus 1 replicate?

tonsils and Payer's patches

is readily transmitted by aerosol, replicating in both the upper and lower respiratory tract

Canine adenovirus type 2

Clinical signs of this virus are typically mild or inapparent.

Canine adenovirus type 2

Affected dogs present with signs typical of canine infectious tracheobronchitis (‘kennel cough’).

Canine adenovirus type 2

TRUE or FALSE Most dogs recover uneventfully and are immune to subsequent challenges.

TRUE

Canine adenovirus type 2 is shed for about eight or nine days post-infection and can be isolated from ____________.

nasal or oropharyngeal swabs

Diagnosis of Canine adenovirus type 2 can be confirmed by virus isolation in susceptible cells such as the ff

Madin–Darby canine kidney cells In situ hybridization PCR

Fowl adenoviruses are associated with these conditions

Quail bronchitis Inclusion body hepatitis Hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome

Fowl adenoviruses are associated with these conditions

Quail bronchitis Inclusion body hepatitis Hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome