Lesson 3: Anti-viral agents

Question 1

Viral infections in humans and animals are preferably controlled by _______.

Answer 1

immunization

Question 2

when a vaccine is not available, example for those major viral diseases or emergence of a new virulent strain of virus, this treatment
is necessary.

Answer 2

antiviral chemotherapy

Question 3

has antiviral activity against influenza A virus by inhibiting an early step in the replication of the virus

Answer 3

Amantadine

Question 4

anti-influenza drugs

Answer 4

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir & Ribavirin

Question 5

used against herpesvirus

Answer 5

Acyclovir & Penciclovir

Question 6

has inhibitory activity against herpesviruses, poxviruses, papillomaviruses and adenoviruses

Answer 6

Famciclovir

Question 7

active against cytomegalovirus

Answer 7

Ganciclovir

Question 8

Thymidine Analogue: Ophthalmic solutions used for treating herpesvirus keratitis in animals

Answer 8

Idoxuridine

Question 9

against herpesvirus, HIV, hepatitis B virus

Answer 9

Foscarnet

Question 10

used against HIV proteases

Answer 10

Saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, and amprenavir

Question 11

Peptide analogues of attachment proteins; fusion protein inhibitors; neutralizing antibodies

Answer 11

Attachment to host cell

Question 12

inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase

Answer 12

transcription of viral
genome

Question 13

Interferons

Answer 13

Assembly of virion components

Question 14

Neuraminidase inhibitors; specific antibodies plus complement; destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells or NK cells

Answer 14

Release of virions by budding or cell lysis

Question 15

enhance innate immune responses, indirect antiviral effects
by inducing cytokines prominently interferons

Answer 15

Immunomodulators

Question 16

mediate the early immune responses to viral infections

Answer 16

Type 1 interferons

Question 17

produced by mononuclear phagocyte

Answer 17

Interferon-α (IFN-α):

Question 18

produced by fibroblasts and other cell

Answer 18

Interferon-β (IFN-β)

Question 19

Is produced by stimulated T cells
and NK cells. It activates macrophages and thereby contribute to the initiation of specific antiviral resistance mediated by antibodies and T
lymphocytes

Answer 19

Type 2 interferon or interferon-Ɣ (IFN-Ɣ)

Question 20

Example of immunostimulating drugs to viral infections

Answer 20

Imiquimod and Inosine pranobex

Question 21

prevents virus uncoating shortly after endocytosis of virus by the host cell

Answer 21

Ion-channel blocking compounds

Question 22

the presence of this drug interfere with the ion channel function of the M2 protein in the nucleocapsid of the virus thus inhibits acid-mediated dissociation of the
ribonucleoprotein complex early in replication, a process essential for
uncoating of the single-stranded RNA genome

Answer 22

amantadine

Question 23

interfere with release of virus from host cells

Answer 23

Neuraminadase inhibitors

Question 24

is required to cleave sialic acid from the cell membrane of the
budding virions. Otherwise, persisting sialic acid residues on newly released adjacent virions causes aggregation of the virions on the cell surface

Answer 24

Neuraminidase

Question 25

Ion channel blockers

Answer 25

Amantadine & Rimantadine

Question 26

Neuraminadase inhibitors

Answer 26

Oseltamivir & Zanamivir

Question 27

type of inhibitors used against HIV protease

Answer 27

Protease inhibitors