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(1) VMCB > (RNA VIRUSES) Lesson 16: Flaviviridae > Flashcards

(RNA VIRUSES) Lesson 16: Flaviviridae Flashcards

1
Q

General description of Flaviviridae

A
  1. The viruses are spherical, 40–60 nm in diameter with an icosahedral capsid and a tightly adherent envelope containing two or
    three virus-encoded proteins depending on the genus
  2. Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA
  3. Replicate in the cytoplasm
  4. Has Two genera of veterinary importance, Flavivirus and Pestivirus
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2
Q

The name of the family Flaviviridae is derived from the Latin word _______ meaning ________

A

✔ flavus
✔ yellow and referring to the virus of yellow fever

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3
Q

what type of RNA is Flaviviridae

A

single-stranded RNA

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4
Q

type of replication of Flaviviridae

A

Positive-sense

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5
Q

Flaviviridae replicate in the

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Flaviviridae two genera of veterinary importance

A

Flavivirus and Pestivirus

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7
Q

Most viruses in this genus are transmitted by arthropods and
cause encephalitis

A

genus Flavivirus

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8
Q

Most viruses in the genus Flavivirus are transmitted by ______ and
cause ________

A

arthropods
encephalitis

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9
Q

which are transmitted directly or indirectly, cause bovine viral diarrhoea, border disease and classical swine fever

A

Pestiviruses

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10
Q

Pestiviruses, which are transmitted directly or indirectly, cause what diseases?

A

✔ bovine viral diarrhoea
✔ border disease
✔ classical swine fever (hog cholera)

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11
Q

Pestiviruses, are transmitted ________, cause bovine viral diarrhoea, border disease and classical swine fever (hog cholera)

A

directly or indirectly

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12
Q

hog cholera also known as

A

classical swine fever (CSF)

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13
Q

Flaviviridae

The different viruses under the genus Pestivirus are antigenically diverse, antigenically cross-reactive and display an overlapping host spectrum.

A
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14
Q

These viruses can cross-infect
other ruminants and swine

A

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus
Border disease virus

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15
Q

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus and border disease virus can cross-infect these animals

A

other ruminants and swine

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16
Q

Viruses in the family Flaviviridae that cause OIE-listed diseases.

A
  1. Japanese encephalitis virus
  2. West Nile virus
  3. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1
  4. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2
  5. Classical swine fever virus
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17
Q

Zoonotic viruses of Flaviviridae

A

✓ Louping ill virus
✓ Japanese
encephalitis
✓ West Nile virus

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18
Q

Causes inapparent infection, acute disease
(bovine viral diarrhoea) and sporadic fatal
infection (mucosal disease).

A

Bovine viral
diarrhoea virus 1
and 2

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19
Q

Infection of pregnant animals may result in
abortion, congenital defects or persistent
infection (immunotolerance)

A

Bovine viral
diarrhoea virus 1
and 2

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20
Q

Important infection of pregnant ewes and
cause of abortion or congenital abnormalities
(hairy shaker lambs)

A

Border disease virus (sheep)

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21
Q

Border disease virus cause an important infection of pregnant ewes and
cause of abortion or congenital abnormalities
like?

A

hairy shaker lambs (sheep)

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22
Q

Economically significant disease.

A

Classical swine
fever (hog cholera)
virus

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23
Q

Highly contagious, generalized infection that
is frequently fatal.

A

Classical swine
fever (hog cholera)
virus

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24
Q

Present in specific regions of Europe.
Transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus.
Produces encephalitis in sheep

A

Louping ill virus

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25
Q

Louping ill virus is transmitted by the _________

A

tick Ixodes ricinus

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26
Q

Louping ill virus is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus.
Produces what disease in sheep?

A

encephalitis

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27
Q

Nervous signs, abortion and congenital
tremor are features of the disease

A

Classical swine
fever (hog cholera)
virus

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28
Q

FLAVIVIRIDAE

features of the disease
caused by classical swine
fever (hog cholera)
virus

A
  1. nervous signs
  2. abortion
  3. congenital
    tremor
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29
Q

Widespread distribution in Asia.
Transmitted
by mosquitoes. Water birds are reservoir
host.

A

Japanese
encephalitis

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30
Q

Japanese
encephalitis
is transmitted
by?

A

mosquitoes

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31
Q

are reservoir
host of Japanese
encephalitis

A

Water birds

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32
Q

West Nile virus
are transmitted by?

A

mosquitoes

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33
Q

are the
natural hosts of West Nile virus

A

birds

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34
Q

Sporadic cause of serious CNS
disease in humans and horses

A

West Nile virus

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35
Q

Occurs in parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
Causes generalized infection, hepatitis and
abortion. Transmitted by mosquitoes

A

Wesselsbron virus

36
Q

Wesselsbron virus causes what conditions

A
  1. generalized infection
  2. hepatitis
  3. abortion
37
Q

Wesselsbron virus is transmitted by?

A

mosquitoes

38
Q

Outbreaks of progressive paresis and
paralysis in turkeys in Israel and South
Africa. Mosquito-borne virus

A

Israel turkey
meningoencephalitis
virus

39
Q

Israel turkey
meningoencephalitis
virus
causes an outbreaks of these conditions in turkeys in Israel and South
Africa.

A

progressive paresis and
paralysis

40
Q

Mosquito-borne virus

A

Israel turkey
meningoencephalitis
virus

41
Q

Infection with this virus is common in cattle
populations worldwide

A

bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)

42
Q

bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) geographical distribution

A

Worldwide

43
Q

The virus is responsible for acute disease (bovine viral diarrhoea) and a chronic
syndrome associated with persistent infection (mucosal disease).

A

bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)

44
Q

chronic
syndrome associated with persistent infection

A

mucosal disease

45
Q

Isolates of BVDV can be segregated into two genotypes now considered
separate species.

ENUMERATE

A

✓ BVDV 1 (classical BVDV isolates)
✓ BVDV 2 (atypical BVDV
isolates)

46
Q

Both BVDV 1 and BVDV 2 can exist as one of two biotypes based on their activity in cell cultures: what are these two?

A
  1. cytopathic (due to mutation)
  2. non-cytopathic (common
    in cattle)
47
Q

Cell culture activity of BVDV 1&2 due to mutation

A

cytopathic

48
Q

Cell culture activity of BVDV 1&2 common in cattle

A

non-cytopathic

49
Q

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 and BVDV 2 produce similar clinical syndromes in cattle. However, only non-cytopathic BVDV 2 isolates have been associated with?

A

thrombocytopenia
haemorrhagic syndrome

50
Q

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 and BVDV 2 produce similar clinical syndromes in cattle. However, only __________isolates have been associated with thrombocytopenia and a haemorrhagic syndrome.

A

non-cytopathic BVDV 2

51
Q

TAKE NOTE: FLAVIVIRIDAE

Animals exposed to BVDV for the first time transiently shed the virus in the early stages of infection and may transmit infection to other animals

A
52
Q

The most important mode of transmission of BVDV 1&2 (Flaviviridae) is through ________, which shed the virus in all excretions and secretions and are efficient transmitters of the infection

A

persistently infected animals

53
Q

These infections (1% of infected population) are produced following foetal infection before day 120 gestation with non-cytopathic strains.

A

Persistent infections

54
Q

FLAVIVIRIDAE

Transmission of infection of BVDV is largely dependent on?

A

husbandry practices

55
Q

FLAVIVIRIDAE

are the primary host of BVDV but the virus is capable of infecting most even-toed ungulates (ovine)

A

Cattle

56
Q

Cattle are the primary host of BVDV but the virus is capable of infecting most of these animals.

A

even-toed ungulates (ovine)

57
Q

is based on clinical presentation of the disease

A

tentative diagnosis

58
Q

The detection of seroconversion and persistently infected (PI) animals are required to confirm ongoing infection in a herd. Done thru the ff techniques

A

✔ cell culture
✔ immunoflourescence techniques ✔ molecular and serological techniques

59
Q

PI means

A

persistently infected

60
Q

is a very contagious and frequently fatal disease of pigs

A

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)

61
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera) divided into three major groupings:

ENUMERATE

A
  1. Group 1 (caused CSF outbreak during 1940’s and 1950’s)
  2. Group 2 (European isolates)
  3. Group 3 (common in Asia)
62
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera) Group 1

A

caused CSF outbreak during 1940’s and 1950’s

63
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera) Group 2

A

European isolates

64
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera) Group 3

A

common in Asia

65
Q

are the only natural hosts of CSFV

A

pigs and wild boar

66
Q

is the main means of transmission of CSFV

A

direct contact (between infected and susceptible animals)

67
Q

In enzootic areas the main means of disease spread caused by CSFV is by?

A

movement of infected pigs

68
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Congenital infections with low-virulence strains may result in the birth of persistently infected piglets with a specific immune tolerance to the virus but which may subsequently develop late-onset

A
69
Q

The virus does not persist for long in the environment but can survive for long periods in protein-rich media such as meat or body fluids in cool condition

A

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)

70
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera) does not persist for long in the environment but can survive for long periods, in what type of media?

A

protein-rich media such as meat or body fluids in cool condition

71
Q

The incubation period of CSFV

A

5-10 days

72
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Pigs are usually infected by what route?

A

oronasal route

73
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Pigs are usually infected by the oronasal route and the ______ is the primary site for viral multiplication.

A

tonsil

74
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Pigs are usually infected by the oronasal route and the tonsil is the primary site for viral multiplication. The virus spreads to the draining regional __________before entering the bloodstream.

A

lymph nodes

75
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Late in this phase, the virus invades parenchymatous organs

A

viraemic phase

76
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Late in the viraemic phase, the virus invades these organs

A

parenchymatous organs

77
Q

is responsible for the multiple haemorrhages seen in acute CSF

A

Degeneration of endothelial cells in conjunction with a severe thrombocytopenia

78
Q

Degeneration of endothelial cells in conjunction with a severe thrombocytopenia
is responsible for the multiple haemorrhages seen in acute CSF. _________ on the surface of the kidneys and in the lymph nodes are the most consistent findings.

A

Petechiae

79
Q

if present, is considered highly characteristic of acute
swine fever

A

Splenic infarction

80
Q

Degeneration of endothelial cells in conjunction with a severe thrombocytopenia
is responsible for the multiple haemorrhages seen in acute CSF. Petechiae on the surface of these organs are the most consistent findings.

A

kidneys and lymph nodes

81
Q

is present in most CSFV-infected pigs

A

non-suppurative encephalitis

82
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
The principal CNS lesion is?

A

perivascular cuffing

83
Q

In pregnant sows the CSFV may cross the placenta. Infection early in gestation typically results in?

A

resorption or abortion

84
Q

In pregnant sows the CSFV infection late in gestation may result in?

A

protective immune response and the birth birth of healthy piglets

85
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera):
may be sufficiently characteristic for a provisional diagnosis to be made, but laboratory confirmation is essential, particularly in the case of infections with low-virulence strains.

A

history and clinical signs

86
Q

Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera):
is essential, particularly in the case of infections with low-virulence strains

A

laboratory confirmation

(1) VMCB (15 decks)

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