Rivers - Hydrological Cycle

Question 1

Evaporation

Answer 1

Water lost from the ground as liquid into water vapour from energy from the sun.

Question 2

Percolation

Answer 2

Water seeping deeper below the ground surface

Question 3

Groundwater flow

Answer 3

Water flowing through the rock layer parallel to the ground surface

Question 4

Throughflow

Answer 4

Water flowing through the soil layer parallel to the ground surface

Question 5

Surface Runoff

Answer 5

Water flowing over the surface of the ground

Question 6

Condensation

Answer 6

Water cools down and changes state from water vapour to liquid = clouds 

Question 7

Precipiation

Answer 7

Moisture falling to the ground in any state e.g., rain, snow, sleet, hail

Question 8

Transpiration

Answer 8

The process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves.

Question 9

Infiltration

Answer 9

The process by which water on the ground surface enters the ground

Question 10

Interception

Answer 10

Water being prevented from reaching the surface by trees of grass

Question 11

Drainage Basin

Answer 11

An area of ground which drains into a river

Question 12

Source

Answer 12

start place of a river or stream

Question 13

Mouth

Answer 13

place river enters the sea or a lake

Question 14

Tributary

Answer 14

smaller river which flows into a bigger river

Question 15

confluence

Answer 15

point where two rivers meet

Question 16

watershed

Answer 16

area of land that separates water flowing to different rivers

Question 17

long profile

Answer 17

• shows river’s gradient change between its source and mouth
• concave shape

Question 18

cross profile

Answer 18

• shows u channel and valley
• certain points

Question 19

attrition

Answer 19

rocks and stones smash against each other, creating smaller rocks

Question 20

hydraulic action

Answer 20

sheer water pressure breaking down rocks

Question 21

solution

Answer 21

chemicals dissolve minerals/sediment and carries them away in solution

Question 22

abrasion

Answer 22

material rubbing against other things

Question 23

load

Answer 23

• sediment carried by a river, sea or ice
• comes from erosion and riverbanks

Question 24

traction

Answer 24

Boulders and big rocks being rolled down the riverbed

Question 25

saltation

Answer 25

small stones bouncing on the riverbed

Question 26

suspension

Answer 26

sediment is carried down stream

Question 27

solution

Answer 27

chemicals dissolved in the water are taken downstream

Question 28

deposition

Answer 28

* river deposits material its been carrying * bc as it slows down energy decreases

Question 29

upper course

Answer 29

* gradient: steep * channel: shallow and narrow * valley shape: v-shaped * vertical erosion, abrasion * large & angular load * transportation: traction * fast flow * landforms: V-Shaped valleys, waterfalls, gorges

Question 30

middle course

Answer 30

* gradient: gently sloping valley * channel: wider & deeper * vertical + lateral erosion, hydraulic action + attrition + abrasion * medium load * transportation: saltation * medium velocity * landforms: meanders

Question 31

lower course

Answer 31

* gradient: flat * channel: v wide & v deep * valley: wide & open * lateral erosion * small, rounded load * transportation: suspension * slow flow * landforms: ox-bow lakes, floodplains, levees