Risk factors

Question 1

What are the risk factors associated with canine mammary carcinoma?

Answer 1

• Obesity (@ 1 year of age and for 1 year before diagnosis)
• Increasing age (malignant tumors are sig older (9-11yrs) vs. benign (7-9yrs))
• Intake of homemade meals
• Increased red meat intake (especially beef and pork) and low intake of chicken
• Late age at spay (spayed before 1st estrus 0.5% risk, before 2nd estrus 8%, before 3rd estrus 26%)
• Exogenous progesterone (MPA)
• Certain breeds like small breeds and pure breeds

Question 2

What dog breeds are at higher risk for mammary carcinoma?

Answer 2

• Chihuahua
• Dachshunds
• Yorkie
• Maltese
• Cocker Spaniels
• English Springer Spaniel
• Pointers
• Poodles
• Bostons
• GSD

Question 3

What are the risk factors associated with canine osteosarcoma?

Answer 3

• High weight/height
• Increasing age
• Early castration/spay (Rotties spayed/neutered before 1 year of age had 1 in four time lifetime risk)
• Males > females (except for St. Bernard, Rottie, and Great Dane)
• Inflammation: previous fractures, RT, implants
• Certain breeds

Question 4

What breeds are at higher risk for OSA?

Answer 4

• Irish Wolfhound
• Irish Stter
• St. Bernard
• Great Dane
• Rottie
• Dobie
• Golden
• Lab
• Leonberger

Question 5

What are the risk factors associated with TCC of the urinary bladder?

Answer 5

• Being neutered
• Exposure to phenoxy-acid containing herbicides (2,4-D)
• Frequent flea dipping (older generation flea products/topical insecticides- enhanced in obese/overweight dogs)
• Increasing age
• Certain breeds

Question 6

What breeds are predisposed to having urinary TCC?

Answer 6

• Scottie
• Sheltie
• Westie
• Wirehaired fox terrier
• Beagle

Question 7

What are risk factors for canine mast cell tumors?

Answer 7

• Increasing age
• Age at spay (Goldens spayed 12mo of age or older)
• Neutering at any age (Vizslas regardless of sex)
• Certain breeds

Question 8

What breeds are at higher risk for developing MCT?

Answer 8

• Boxer
• Rhodesian ridgeback
• Vizsla
• Boston
• Weimaraner
• Shar-pei
• Bullmastiff
• Dutch pug
• Lab
• American Staffordshire terrier
• Golden
• English setter
• English pointer

Question 9

What risk factors are associated with canine lymphoma?

Answer 9

• ETS (RR=3.4)
• exposure to chemicals containing 2,4-D (30% increased risk)
• increasing age
• certain breeds
• hormonal status (Goldens neutered <1yo, altered Vizslas regardless of sex or age, all spayed dogs)
• paints/solvents
• professionally applied pesticides
• self applied insect regulators
• industrial/urban areas
• living near industrial waste (2.4 fold increase risk)
• Increased exposure to magnetic fields

Question 10

What dog breeds are at higher risk for lymphoma?

Answer 10

• Bullmastiff
• Boxer
• Golden
• Scottie
• Gordon setter
• Irish wolfhound
• Basset

Question 11

What risk factors are associated with feline lymphoma?

Answer 11

• ETS (OR 2.4)
• FIV
• FeLV
• Increasing age

Question 12

What risk factors are associated with feline oral SCC?

Answer 12

• Flea collars (5x)
• weak association with ETS
• High canned tuna intake (3-fold)
• Flea shampoo is protective

Question 13

What risk factors are associated with canine sinonasal cancer?

Answer 13

• ETS (dolicocephalic breeds)
• Cumulative kerosene or coal heat exposure

Question 14

What risk factors are associated with canine lung cancer?

Answer 14

• Pulmonary anthracosis
• NOT ETS

Question 15

What tumor types have increased risk after castration or spay? Name specific breeds that are reported.

Answer 15

• Cardiac tumors (castration/spay)
• OSA (castration/spay, all & purebred dogs & Rotties castrated before 1yo)
• Prostatic tumors
• Urinary bladder TCC (castration)
• LSA (castrated: all and Goldens <1yo at castration; spayed, all)
• Splenic HSA (spayed; all Vizslas, Goldens >1 year of age at spay)
• MCT (neutered/spayed; spayed: all, Vizslas and Goldens)