Miscellaneous Tumors/Topic Flashcards
_____ inactivation was demonstrated in more than 50% of evaluated
canine HSA samples
PTEN
One study showed the presence of concurrent splenic and cardiac HSA to be ____% whereas a previous necropsy study reported that ___% of dogs with splenic HSA had a concurrent right atrial lesion.
~9%
24%
Immunohistochemistry for ____ or _____ can be used to demonstrate endothelial derivation and support
the diagnosis of HSA and rule out other sarcomas.
Factor III (vWF)
CD31/platelet endothelial cell-adhesion molecule
One study reported a sensitivity of ___% for detecting metastatic pulmonary HSA with radiography
78%
A study showed that although hepatic lesions that were multiple and/or dark red or black were more likely to be
HSA, _____% of grossly abnormal livers were confirmed to contain HSA metastasis. Furthermore, almost ___% of histologically benign lesions were obtained from grossly abnormal livers.
50%
60%
In a pilot study evaluating hypofractionated RT for canine cardiac HSA reported a reduced frequency of cardiac tamponade, leading to MST of _____.
3 months
In dogs with splenic HSA, with the addition of chemotherapy, MSTs increase to ____ - _______, and the 12-month survival percentage is ___% or less.
5-7 months
10%
MST for dogs with splenic HSA treated with surgery + chemotherapy in stage I disease is ____ - ____ and in stage II disease is ____ - _____.
MST stage I: 8-12 months
MST stage II: 4-5 months
What is the MST of primary renal HSA in dogs reported in one small study?
9 months
In an older study, retroperitoneal HSA in dogs reported a MST of _____.
1 month
For true cutaneous HSA in dogs, which includes superficial tumors involving the dermis only, MSTs of _____ - _____ following surgical removal are reported.
26 - 33 months
In one study, dogs undergoing surgical
removal of dermal HSA were noted to have increased overall survival (MST ______), particularly dogs with ventral tumor location (MST ______), and those with evidence of solar-induced
changes on histopathology (MST ____). Dogs whose cutaneous tumors displayed subcutaneous invasion had a higher chance of developing metastasis (relative risk _____) and a
subsequently poorer longterm survival (MST _____).
- oMST: 52 months
- MST ventral abd: 36 months
- MST solar: 52 months
- relative risk: 2.04
- MST SQ invasion: 18 months
For dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular HSA, 2 studies report divergent results. One study reported an MST of _____ for dogs receiving adjuvant DOX after surgical removal of subcutaneous HSA, and _____ for dogs undergoing the same treatment
for intramuscular HSA. The other study reported an overall MST of _____ for dogs with nonmetastatic subcutaneous or intramuscular HSA treated similarly.
- MST SQ: >3 years
- MST IM: 9 months
- oMST SQ + IM: 8 months
Based on WHO/RECIST response criteria in dogs treated with doxorubicin for nonresectable SQ HSA, the RR was ____% for a median response duration of ____.
- RR: 38.8%
- 2 months
Without treatment, most dogs with cardiac HSA succumb to the disease within _____.
2 weeks
In a small group of dogs receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical removal of cardiac HSA, a MST of ____ was reported.
6 months
MST in dogs with cardiac HSA following pericardiectomy is ____ - ____.
3-4 months
A retrospective study evaluating the use of DOX chemotherapy for dogs with presumptive cardiac HSA documented a ___% objective response rate, PFS of ____, and MST of ____-______.
ORR: 41%
PFS: 2 months
MST: 4 -5 months
One study evaluating the combination of DOX and deracoxib reported an MST of _____ for dogs with stage III splenic HSA, which was similar to the
MST of ______ for dogs of all stages combined
- MST stage 3: 5 months
- oMST: 5 months
Dogs with advanced stage HSA treated with a DAV protocol (DTIC, DOX, Vinc) had a response rate of ___% and median time to progression of ____.
RR: 47%
TTP: 3 months
Dogs with stage III HSA treated with a VAC protocol (vinc, dox, cyclo) had an MST (____) that was similar to that of dogs receiving the same treatment for stage I/II disease (MST ____).
- MST Stage 3: 7 months
- MST stage 1/2: 6 months
In cats with visceral HSA, MST range from ____ - ____.
3-7 months
Cats with cutaneous and subcutaneous HSAs that are treated with aggressive surgery have reported MSTs of approximately _____ - _____.
9 months to 4 years
Feline HSAs with subcutaneous involvement are associated with higher rates of incomplete excision (____ - ____%) and local recurrence (___-___%)
- 50-94% incomplete
- 50-80% recurrence
A metastatic rate up to ___% has been reported in cats with cystic thymomas.
20%
Myasthenia gravis may occur in up to ___% of dogs with thymoma. Concurrent megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia has been reported in as many as ___%.
40%
40%
Hypercalcemia has been reported in ___% of dogs with thymomas.
34%
In one study in dogs with thymoma, neoplastic epithelial cells were cytologically evident in ____% of cases.
61%
In one study evaluating flow cytometry in dogs with thymoma vs. lymphoma, all cases of thymoma included ___% or more of lymphocytes coexpressing CD4 and CD8, whereas six of seven lymphomas contained fewer than ___% of CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes.
10% or more: thymoma
<2%: lymphoma
In a retrospective study of 11 dogs
and 9 cats with invasive and noninvasive thymomas treated with
surgery alone, the MST was ______ and ________ for dogs and cats, respectively. In another study, the MST for dogs treated surgically was _____, which was significantly better than the MST for dogs not treated surgically (____).
MST dog: 26 months
MST cat: 61 months
MST dog sx: 21 months
MST dog no sx: 3 months
In a retrospective study in dogs and cats with thymoma treated with RT alone or as adjuvant therapy, the response rate to RT was ____% with a MST of ____ in dogs and _____ in cats.
75%
MST dog: 8 months
MST cat: 24 months
In a retrospective study of 8 dogs with thymoma treated with hypofractionated RT alone, the ORR was ___% with a 1-year survival rate of ___%.
50%
75%
Metastasis occurs in up to ___-___% of dogs with TVT.
5-17%
Single-agent vincristine results in a complete and durable response in ___-___% of dogs with TVT.
90-95%
Two studies evaluating orthovoltage and megavoltage RT (Cobalt) found a complete and durable response rate of ___% in dogs with TVT.
100%
For dogs with TVT, the overall recurrence rate following surgery is reported to be ___-____%
30-75%
What breed is overrepresented for sclerosing mesothelioma?
German shepherd
In one report, the MST in five dogs with pericardial mesothelioma treated with pericardiectomy was _____. Three of these dogs were treated with adjuvant IV doxorubicin or mitoxantrone.
MST 14 months
In a study of 58 dogs with idiopathic or malignant pericardial effusion treated with thoracoscopic pericardial window or thoracotomy with subtotal pericardectomy, the DFI and MST for dogs with malignant pericardial effusion was _____ - _____. What surgical technique produced better outcomes?
3-4 months
no difference between surgical techniques
HSA and aortic body tumors represent ___-___% and ____-___% of all primary cardiac tumors in dogs, respectively. The most common primary cardiac tumor in the cat is ______.
HSA: 40-69%
ABT: 8-28%
LSA
What is the reported sensitivity for radiographs in the diagnosis of cardiac HSA?
47%
In a study of 107 dogs with pericardial effusion, the sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography were ___% and ____%, respectively, for detection of a cardiac mass
Sensitivity: 82%
Specificity: 100%
What is the detection rate of echocardiography for right atrial vs. right auricular tumors in dogs?
right atrial: 95%
right auricle: 60%
In the setting of a patient with pericardial effusion and no obvious cardiac tumor by echocardiography, pericardial fluid cytology may offer a diagnosis in approximately ___% of cases. Improved diagnostic yield of ___% is seen when the pericardial effusion’s HCT is less than ___%.
8%
20%
10%
What is an important biomarker for dogs with cardiac HSA where concentrations higher than _____ are likely to have cardiac HSA.
cardiac troponin I
0.25 ng/ml
Concurrent splenic masses have been reported in ___% of dogs with suspected primary cardiac HSA with ____% of dogs having metastases to other sites such as the liver, mesentery, omentum, and lungs.
29%
42%
The MSTs in dogs with aortic body tumors undergoing pericardiectomy range from ____-____ vs. those that do not undergo pericardiectomy at _____-_____.
MST pericardiectomy: 22 - 24 months
MST no pericardiectomy: 1-4 months
One study evaluating pericardial lymphoma in cats reported an MST of ______.
9 days
______ is expressed by Langerhans cells and interstitial DCs. Macrophages predominantly express _____ or ____ in splenic red pulp or bone marrow.
CD11c
CD11b or CD11d
Expression of ________ is unique to histiocytomas and can help differentiate histiocytomas from reactive histiocytosis.
E-cadherin
What is the immunophenotype for cutaneous and systemic reactive histiocytosis?
- E-cadherin NEGATIVE
- CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD11c, MHC class II, Thy-1, CD4, Iba-1 POSITIVE
What breeds are overrepresented for histiocytic sarcoma?
BMD
Flat-coated retriever
Rottweiler
Miniature Schnauzer
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
One genetic study evaluating copy number aberrations in the BMD and FCR found deletions of the tumor suppressor genes _______, _______, and _______.
CDKN2A/B
RB1
PTEN
What are some useful markers for the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma? Hint: there’s 5
CD18
CD204
Iba-1
CD11c
CD1a
What is the reported sensitivity and specificity of a CADET histiocytic malignancy assay that evaluates for copy number aberrations, which can be used on cytology or histology samples?
sensitivity: 78%
specificity: 95%
____% of dogs with HS had hyperferritinemia in one study, although IMHA, liver disease, and lymphoma were also associated with high rates of hyperferritinemia.
89%
In a series of 18 dogs with PAHS confirmed with CD18 staining, the MST for dogs undergoing amputation was ______ and the metastatic rate was _____%
6 months
91%
In one study, dogs with PAHS lived significantly longer than did dogs with non-PAHS, with overall MSTs of _____ and _______, respectively, despite presence of metastasis in majority of cases.
MST PAHS: 13 months
MST non-PAHS: 4 months
Dogs with PAHS with no evidence of
metastasis at diagnosis (MST _____) lived significantly longer than those with evidence of metastasis (MST _____).
MST no met: 33 months
MST met: 8 months
One study reported a ____% response rate to CCNU in 56 dogs with gross measurable disease with a median
remission duration of ______. The MST of responders was ____ compared with _____ in nonresponders.
46%
remission duration: 3 months
MST responders: 6 months
MST non-responders: 2 months
One retrospective study documented an MST of ________ in 16 dogs with localized HS treated with aggressive
combination therapy.
19 months
Alternating CCNU and doxorubicin for dogs with histiocytic sarcoma has a reported response rate of ___% with a TTP of ______.
58%
6 months
Dacarbazine for treatment of canine histiocytic sarcoma has a response rate of ____% with an EFS for responders of ______.
18%
2 months
In a report of 37 FCR with mostly PAHS, dogs undergoing RT lived longer than those not having RT with an MST of _____. Dogs treated with a set combined protocol of a palliative RT and CCNU had an MST of 208 days.
MST 6 months
MST RT + CCNU: 7 months
What is the cell of origin for non-hemophagocytic, localized histiocytic sarcoma
interstitial dendritic cells
