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T&H6 Oncogenic and tumor viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main retrovirus genes? Describe their functions.

A
  1. env = encodes glycoprotein
    - helps entry into the cell
  2. gag = encodes capsid
    - helps assemble virions
  3. pol = encodes reverse transcriptase
    - responsible for synthesis of viral DNA & integration into host DNA
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2
Q

Polyomavirus is a ___ virus and causes what cancer? What accounts for its oncogenic properties?

A
  • DNA
  • Merkel cell carcinoma
  • has 3 T antigens that interact with cell components
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3
Q

Human adenovirus is a _____ virus. What genes integrate into host DNA to inhibit p53 and Rb?

A
  • DNA
  • E1B55K inhibits p53
  • E1a inhibits Rb
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4
Q

What is the Onyx-015 virus?

A

reengineered adenovirus that cannot express E1BBK. therefore, replicates in tumor cells and does not block p53

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5
Q

Human papillomavirus is a ____ virus. What human cancers are associated with this virus?

A

cervical carcinoma, vulva, anus, penis, oropharyngeal carcinoma

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6
Q

60-70% % of oropharyngeal SCC diagnosed in North America are from what virus?

A

HPV

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7
Q

What is the preferential target for Epstein Barr Virus?

A

B lymphocyte

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8
Q

What human cancers are associated with EBV?

A
  • Burkitt LSA
  • Hodgkin LSA
  • LSA of immunocompromised host
  • Gastric carcinoma
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • T-cell LSA
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9
Q

Deregulation of which oncogene contributes to Burkitt LSA?

A

c-myc

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10
Q

Hepatitis B is a ___ virus that causes what cancer in people? In what animal can tumor formation be induced by this virus? What gene is often affected?

A
  • DNA
  • HCC
  • Woodchuck
  • DNA-binding protein 1 (DDB1)
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11
Q

What additive factor acts with HIV to cause Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

development of AIDs

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12
Q

Name a veterinary example of acute and chronic transforming retroviruses.

A

Acute: Rous sarcoma virus, feline sarcoma virus
Chronic: FeLV, avian leukemia virus

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13
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic transforming retroviruses?

A
  • acute contains a viral oncogene so they are replicative defective and need helper virus to replicate
  • chronic does not contain viral oncogene so can transform infected cells through insertional mutagenesis
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14
Q

Which virus (and one additional carcinogen) plays a role in bovine bladder carcinoma?

A
  • BPV-2
  • Bracken fern ingestion
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15
Q

Upper alimentary SCC in bovine is associated with what virus?

A

BPV-4

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16
Q

Which form of bovine LSA is associated with BLV infection?

A

bovine leukosis, polyclonal expansion of B cells

17
Q

What cancer is caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus? What similar virus also causes cancers in sheep and goats?

A
  • ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA); aka contagious lung cancer
  • ONAV/CNAV: Ovine/caprine nasal adenocarcinoma virus
18
Q

Kaposi sarcoma is associated with what virus? Is it DNA or RNA? What other human cancers are seen with this virus?

A
  • Herpes virus 8
  • DNA
  • Multicentric Castleman’s disease and primary effusion lymphoma
19
Q

Human T-lymphotrophic virus is a ____ virus that causes what type of cancer, which is seen in ____-___% of infected people.

A

RNA
Adult lymphoma/leukemia
1-5%

20
Q

_______ are the only retroviruses known to lead directly to cancer in humans.

A

HTLV-1/2 (Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 and 2)

21
Q

Hepatitis C is a _____ virus that causes what type of cancer in people?

22
Q

HIV is a _____ virus.

23
Q

______ and _____ are cell receptors for EBC.

A

CD21 and MHCII

24
Q

Are retroviruses enveloped or non-enveloped?

25
Q

______ is the cellular receptor for human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV).

26
Q

What are AIDs-related lymphomas?

A

Burkitt, Non-Hodgkin LSA, and CNS LSA

27
Q

________ does not cause cancer directly but can lead to cancer in late-stage infections by reactivation of other viruses, such as HPV, EBV, and human herpes virus 8.

28
Q

_____ virus is in the same family as yellow and dengue fever. _____ are the only primates besides humans that support its replication. It is a blood-borne pathogen that causes persistent infections in ___-___% of patients, leading to ______ and _______. It causes damage to ______ via the action of Fas ligand and perforin. It induces anergy in ______ and _____, which prevents clearance of the virus. What can accelerate its progression?

A
  • Hepatitis C
  • Chimpanzees
  • 60-80%
  • cirrhosis and HCC
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • CD4 and CD8 T cells
  • alcohol abuse
29
Q

Woodchuck hepatitis virus infects the liver and can cause acute or chronic hepatitis. The _____ form leads to development of HCC within ____-____.

A

chronic
2-4 years

30
Q

In human papillomaviruses, which genes integrate into the host DNA to inhibit p53 and Rb?

A
  • E6 targets p53 for degradation in the ubiquitin pathway
  • E7 binds to Rb and favors its degradation

JC articles (15 decks)

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