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Medicine, Year 2, Block 13 (Cardiorespiratory Disease) > Rhythm of the Heart > Flashcards

Rhythm of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Which conductive region of the heart is influenced by Parasympathetic and Sympathetic activity?

A

Sinus / Sinoatrial node

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2
Q

What is the “safety mechanism” of the Atrio-ventricular node?

A

Prevents high atrial rates being transmitted directly to the ventricles

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3
Q

What does the PR interval represent in the cardiac conduction pathway?

A

Reflects conduction through the Atrio-ventricular node

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4
Q

What does the QRS complex represent in the cardiac conduction pathway?

A

Reflects conduction through the ventricular myocardium

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5
Q

What is a normal PR interval in msec?

A

120 - 200 msec

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6
Q

What is a normal QRS interval in msec?

A

< 110 msec

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7
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm in adults and in children?

A

In adults: 60 - 100

In children: 100 - 120

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8
Q

What is fainting medically known as?

A

Vasovagal syncope

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9
Q

What is the effect of increased PNS activity on heart rate?

A

Decreases heart rate

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10
Q

What is the effect of increased SNS activity on heart rate?

A

Increases heart rate

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11
Q

What is the effect of decreased SNS activity on heart rate?

A

Decreases heart rate

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12
Q

What is the effect of decreased PNS activity on heart rate?

A

Increases heart rate

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13
Q

What is the effect of Adrenaline on HR?

A

Increases HR by increasing sympathetic activity

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14
Q

What is the effect of Salbutamol on HR?

A

Increases HR by increasing sympathetic activity

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15
Q

What is the effect of Beta-blockers on HR?

A

Decreases HR by decreasing sympathetic activity

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16
Q

What is the effect of Atropine on HR?

A

Increases HR by decreasing parasympathetic activity

17
Q

What is Bradycardia defined as?

A

Heart rate less than 60 bpm

18
Q

Atleast how many squares would seperate every QRS complex in Sinus Bradycardia?

A

300 / 60 = Atleast 5 squares

19
Q

No more than how many squares would seperate every QRS complex in Sinus Tachycardia?

A

300 / 100 = No more than 3 squares

20
Q

On an ECG, there are regular QRS complexes, spaced 6 squares apart. There is P wave in front of each QRS complex with normal delay. What does this mean?

A

Sinus Bradycardia

21
Q

On an ECG, there are regular QRS complexes, spaced 6 squares apart. There is no P wave in front of each QRS complex with normal delay. What does this mean?

A

Heart block

22
Q

On an ECG, there are irregular QRS complexes, spaced 7 squares apart. There are no P wave in front of each QRS complex with normal delay. What does this mean?

A

Slow atrial fibrillation

23
Q

What is Brady-Tachy syndrome?

A

Intermittent episodes of slow and fast heart rates

24
Q

How do we treat Brady-Tachy syndrome?

A

For the Bradycardia aspect: Pacemaker to speed up HR

For the Tachycardia aspect: Drugs to slow down HR

25
Q

What are some causes for Sinus Bradycardia?

A

Athlete fitness

Certain medications which slow down heart rate, i.e. Calcium channel blockers, Beta blockers, Digoxin

Hypothyroidism

26
Q

Of LBBB and RBBB, which one could be benign?

A

RBBB

27
Q

On an ECG, there are regular QRS complexes, spaced 3 squares apart. The complexes are < 120 msec wide, and the HR is < 120 bpm. What does this mean?

A

Sinus Tachycardia (ST)

28
Q

On an ECG, there are regular QRS complexes, spaced 3 squares apart. The complexes are >120 msec apart. What does this mean?

A

Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

29
Q

On an ECG, there are irregular QRS complexes, spaced 3 squares apart. What might this mean?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

30
Q

How can you differentiate between Ventricular Tachycardia and Supraventricular Tachycardia?

A

Inject Adenosine, which blocks the atria. In SVT, the heart rate will slow down. In VT, it will not

31
Q

What is the heart rate in Atrial Flutter?

A

300 bpm

32
Q

What can exacerbate Torsades de Pointes?

A

Class I anti-arrhythmic drugs, and low K and low Mg

33
Q

What is the treatment for Torsades de Pointes?

A

IV Magnesium

34
Q

On an ECG, there are regular QRS complexes, spaced 3 squares apart. The complexes are < 120 msec wide, and the HR is > 140 bpm. What does this mean?

A

Supraventricular Tachycardia

Medicine, Year 2, Block 13 (Cardiorespiratory Disease) (20 decks)

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