Physiological Consequences of Lung Disease Flashcards
What is “Ventilation” defined as?
The exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere
How is Minute Ventilation calculated?
Minute Ventilation = Tidal volume x Respiratory Rate
How is Alveolar Ventilation calculated?
Alveolar Ventilation = (Tidal volume - Deadspace) x Respiratory Rate
Which is an active and which is a passive process in Inspiration and Expiration?
Inspiration = Active process Expiration = Passive process
What is the normal oxygen saturation of Haemoglobin?
95 plus / minus 2%
Acidaemic blood is represented as what?
pH of blood <7.35
Alkalaemic blood is represented as what?
pH of blood >7.45
What is Type 1 Respiratory failure defined as?
Hypoxaemia and Hypocapnia / Normocapnia
What is Type 2 Respiratory failure defined as?
Hypoxaemia and Hypercapnia (due to hypoventilation)
What is Cor Pulmonale?
Abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
In Obstructive Disease, how is FEV and FVC different? What value would FEV / FVC be?
FEV = Reduced FVC = Same
FEV / FVC = Less than 0.7
In Restrictive Disease, how is FEV and FVC different? What value would FEV / FVC be?
FEV = Reduced FVC = Reduced
FEV / FVC = Greater than 0.7
Give 3 examples of Obstructive Diseases
Asthma
COPD
Bronchiectasis
Give 3 examples of Restrictive Diseases
Obesity
Pulmonary fibrosis
Chest wall deformities
Early Acute Asthma is Type what Respiratory Failure?
Type 1 Respiratory Failure
Late Acute Asthma is Type what Respiratory Failure?
Type 2 Respiratory Failure
V/Q mismatch can present in two distinct patterns - what are they?
Normal Ventilation, Reduced Perfusion (Deadspace)
Reduced Ventilation, Normal Perfusion (Shunting)
What is Deadspace defined as?
Air entry in the lungs which does not take part in gaseous exchange
In Normal Ventilation / Reduced Perfusion (deadspace) V/Q mismatch - what are some causes?
Right to Left cardiac shunt
Pulmonary Embolism
In Reduced Ventilation / Normal Perfusion (shunting) V/Q mismatch - what are some causes?
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Obstructive Lung Disease
In Right to Left cardiac shunt - what type of V/Q mismatch is exhibited?
Normal ventilation, but reduced perfusion (dead-space)
In a Pulmonary Embolism, what type of V/Q mismatch is exhibited?
Normal ventilation, but reduced perfusion (dead-space)
In Pneumonia, what type of V/Q mismatch is exhibited?
Reduced ventilation, but normal perfusion (shunting)
In Obstructive Lung Disease, what type of V/Q mismatch is exhibited?
Reduced ventilation, but normal perfusion (shunting)
In Pneumothorax, what type of V/Q mismatch is exhibited?
Reduced ventilation, but normal perfusion (shunting)
