Pharmacology of Heart Failure and Hypertension Flashcards
In patients with Pulmonary Oedema, why is Diamorphine administered?
Relief of anxiety, and possible role as a vasodilator
What is the mechanism of action Dobutamine?
B1 receptor agonist
Where do Thiazides act on the kidneys? What do they inhibit? Give 1 example
Distal Convoluted Tubule, inhibiting Na/Cl transporter, i.e. Bendroflumethiazide
Why are Diuretics administered Intravenously in patients with Oedema?
To bypass the oedema in the gut
Where do Loop diuretics on the kidneys? What do they inhibit? Give two examples
Ascending loop of Henle, inhibiting Na/Cl/K transporter, i.e. Furosemide, Bumetanide
What is a contraindication of patients being administered Loop diuretics?
Must have functioning glomerular activity, because Loop diuretics work from the lumen of the tubule - otherwise diuretics cannot get to the urinary space
What are three adverse effects of Loop and Thiazide diuretics?
- Hyponatraemia (Low Na)
- Hypokalaemia (Low K)
- Hyperuricaemia (gout)
Which of the Loop diuretics and Thiazide diuretics have a high and low ceiling?
Loops: High ceiling
Thiazides: Low ceiling
Give two examples of two Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Spirinolactone
Amiloride
Where do Potassium Sparing Diuretics act on in the kidneys?
In the late Distal Convoluted Tubule
What is a side effect of Potassium Sparing Diuretics?
Hyperkalaemia
How does Spirinolactone have a Potassium Sparing activity?
Mineralcorticoid antagonist, so inhibits Aldosterone action on the Distal Convoluted Tubule and inhibits Na/H2O resorption whilst promoting K retention
Give three examples of ACE Inhibitors
Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril
(anything ending in -pril)
Why might it be useful to use ARBs instead of ACE Inhibitors?
Because Angiotensin I may still be converted to Angiotensin II via other enzymes other than ACE (ACE escape). ARBs work more downstream
Give two examples of ARBs
Losartan, Valsartan (anything ending in -sartan)
