Rhinology Flashcards
What are the functions of the nose?
Warm and humidify air
Sense of smell
Immune barrier
Drainage and aeration of middle ear
Drainage of paranasal sinuses and lacrimal duct
Vocal resonance
Describe the principles of nasal aerodynamic
Nasal airflow is laminar as it enters nasal vestibule
Changes from laminar to turbulent flow so it has prolonged contact with nasal mucosa
What are the examination techniques for the nose?
Otoscope
Nasal endoscopy
Rhinomaonmetry
What are the common nasal disorders?
- Nasal trauma
- Rhinosinusitis
- Nasal polyps
- Epistaxis
- Nasal deformity
- Nasal tumours
- Choanal atresia
What occurs due to nasal trauma?
Septal haematoma
What are the symptoms of rhinosinusitis?
- Nasal blockage
- Obstruction/congestion
- Nasal discharge
- Anterior/post nasal drip
- Facial pain/pressure
- Reduction or loss of smell
When is rhinosinusitis chronic?
12 weeks
What is a complication of frontal sinusitis?
Pott’s puffy syndrome
What is the treatment for nasal polyps?
- Oral and nasal steroids
- Immunotherapy
- Diet
- Surgery
- Polyectomy
- Endoscopic sinus surgery
What are the causes of epistaxis?
- Infection
- Trauma
- Allergy
- HTN and atherosclerotic vascular disease
- Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
- Blood dyscrasias
- Atrophic rhinitis
- Tumour
- Congenital or acquired nasal defects
What is Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)?
A genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation.
Nose bleeds and telangiectasia on lips, fingers, nose
What is the treatment for HHT?
- Laser coagulation
- Septodermoplasty
- Embolization
What is globus pharyngis?
Feeling of something in the throat
