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Head and Neck > Head Anatomy > Flashcards

Head Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How are the bones of the skull formed?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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2
Q

What joints join the bones of the skull?

A

Sutures (fibrous joints)

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium
Viscerocranium

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4
Q

What is the subdivisions of the cranium?

A

Cranial roof
Cranial base

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5
Q

What comprises the cranial roof?

A

Frontal bone
Occipital bone
2 Parietal bones

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6
Q

What comprises the cranial base?

A

Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone

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7
Q

What are the facial bones?

A

Zygomatic (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Nasal (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Palatine (2)
Maxilla (2)
Vomer
Mandible

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8
Q

What do sutures represent clinically?

A

Points of potential weakness in the skull

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9
Q

What are the main sutures in the adult skull?

A

Coronal suture- frontal and 2 parietal
Sagittal suture- both parietal
Lamboid suture- occipital and 2 parietal

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10
Q

What forms the temporomandibular joint?

A

Articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone of the cranium

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11
Q

What does the sphenoid bone consist of?

A

Body
Paired greater wings
Paired lesser wings
Two pterygoid processes

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12
Q

What two processes project out of the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic process
Styloid process

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13
Q

What forms the zygomatic arch?

A

Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Temporal process of zygomatic bone

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14
Q

What is a foramen?

A

An opening that allows passage of structures from one region to another

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15
Q

What are the 8 cranial foramen?

A

Cribriform foramina
Optic canal and foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal

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16
Q

In which bone is the cribriform foramina?

A

Ethmoid bone

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17
Q

What does the cribriform plate foramina conduct?

A

Olfactory I

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18
Q

In which bone is the optic canal?

A

Sphenoid bone

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19
Q

What does the optical canal conduct?

A

Optic II

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20
Q

In which bone is the superior orbital fissure?

A

Sphenoid bone

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21
Q

What does the superior orbital fissure conduct?

A

Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV
Opthalmic V1
Abducens VI

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22
Q

In which bone is the foramen rotundum?

A

Sphenoid bone

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23
Q

What does the foramen rotundum conduct?

A

Maxillary V2

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24
Q

In which bone is the foramen ovale?

A

Sphenoid bone

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25
Q

What does the foramen ovale conduct?

A

Mandibular V3

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26
Q

In which bone is the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Temporal bone

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27
Q

What does the internal acoustic meatus conduct?

A

Facial VII
Vestibulocochlear VIII

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28
Q

In which bone is the jugular foramen?

A

Anterior: temporal bone
Posterior: occipital bone

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29
Q

What does the jugular foramen conduct?

A

Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Accessory XI

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30
Q

In which bone is the hypoglossal canal?

A

Occipital bone

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31
Q

What does the hypoglossal canal conduct?

A

Hypoglossal XII

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32
Q

Where are the muscles of facial expression located?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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33
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the muscles of facial expression?

A

2nd pharyngeal branch

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34
Q

What nerve innervates all of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve:
- Temporal branches
- Zygomatic branches
- Buccal branches
- marginal mandibular branches
- Cervical branches

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35
Q

What are the three groups of the facial muscles?

A

Orbital
Nasal
Oral

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36
Q

What muscles are part of the orbital group?

A

Orbicularis oculi
Corrugator supercilii

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37
Q

What are the three parts of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Palpebral
Lacrimal
Orbital

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38
Q

What is the action of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Gently closes the eyelids

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39
Q

What is the action of the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Drainage of tears

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40
Q

What is the action of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Tightly closes the eyelids

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41
Q

What muscles are part of the nasal group?

A

Nasalis
Procerus
Depressor septi Nasi

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42
Q

What muscles are part of the oral group?

A

Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Other oral muscles

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43
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oris?

A

Purses the lips

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44
Q

What is the action of the buccinator?

A

Pulls cheek inwards against the teeth, preventing accumulation of food in that area

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45
Q

What is the action of the muscles of mastication?

A

Movements of temporomandibular joint (jaw)

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46
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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47
Q

What is the action of the masseter muscle?

A

Elevates mandible, closing the mouth

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48
Q

What is the action of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevates mandible, closing the mouth
Retracts mandible, pulling jaw posteriorly

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49
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

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50
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Bilateral: protract the mandible, pushing the jaw forward
Unilateral: side to side movement of jaw

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51
Q

What is the embryological origin of the muscles of mastication?

A

First pharyngeal arch

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52
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular nerve (CNV3)

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53
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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54
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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55
Q

What is the innervation of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Except palatoglossus which is innervated by vagus nerve (X)

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56
Q

What are the divisions of the floor of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

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57
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus?

A

Inferior fibres: protrude tongue
Middle fibres: depress tongue
Superior fibres: draw tip back and down

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58
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus?

A

Depresses and retracts tongue

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59
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus?

A

Retracts and elevates the tongue

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60
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

A

Elevates posterior aspect of the tongue

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61
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the anterior tongue?

A

General sensory: Lingual nerve (Mandibular)
Special sensory: Chorda tympani (Facial)

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62
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the posterior tongue?

A

Both general and special is glossopharyngeal nerve

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63
Q

What is the vasculature of the tongue?

A

Lingual artery
Lingual vein

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64
Q

What 3 bones does the anterior cranial fossa consist of?

A

Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

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65
Q

What 3 bones does the middle cranial fossa consist of?

A

Sphenoid bone
2 Temporal bones

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66
Q

What 3 bones does the posterior cranial fossa consist of?

A

Occipital bone
2 Temporal bones

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67
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A

Skin
Connective tissue dense
Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle
Loose areolar connective tissue
Periosteum

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68
Q

What is the arterial supply of the scalp?

A

External carotid artery
Ophthalmic artery

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69
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery that supply the scalp?

A

Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital

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70
Q

What are the branches of the Opthalmic artery that supply the scalp?

A

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear

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71
Q

What is the innervation of the scalp?

A

Trigeminal nerve branches
cervical nerve roots

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72
Q

What branches of the trigeminal nerve supply the scalp?

A

Supratrochlear (opthalmic nerve)
Supraorbital (opthalmic nerve)
Zygomaticotemporal nerve (maxillary nerve)
Auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular nerve)

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73
Q

What cervical nerves supply the scalp?

A

Lesser occipital nerve (anterior ramus of C2)
Greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2)
Great auricular nerve (anterior rami of C2 and C3)
Third occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C3)

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74
Q

What is CNI?

A

Olfactory nerve

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75
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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76
Q

What is CNIII?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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77
Q

What is CNIV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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78
Q

What is CNV?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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79
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

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80
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Frontal nerve- Supraorbital, Supratrochlear
Lacrimal nerve
Nasociliary nerve

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81
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Superior alveolar
Middle meningeal
Infraorbital
Zygomatic
Inferior palpebral
Superior labial
Pharyngeal
Greater and lesser palatine
Nasopalatine

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82
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Inferior alveolar
Lingual

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83
Q

What is CNVI?

A

Abducens nerve

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84
Q

What is CNVII?

A

Facial nerve

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85
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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86
Q

What is CNIX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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87
Q

What is CNX?

A

Vagus nerve

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88
Q

What is CNXI?

A

Accessory nerve

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89
Q

What is CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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90
Q

What are the divisions of the ear?

A

External
Middle
Inner

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91
Q

What are the divisions of the external ear?

A

Auricle (pinna)
External acoustic meatus

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92
Q

What structures form the auricle?

A

Helix
Antihelix
Superior crus
Inferior crus
Tragus
Antitragus
Concha
Lobule

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93
Q

What part of the auricle is not cartilagenous?

94
Q

What is the concha?

A

Hollow depression in middle of auricle
Continues into the skull as the external acoustic meatus

95
Q

Where does the external acoustic meatus extend from and to?

A

Extends from deep part of concha to the tympanic membrane

96
Q

What are the walls of the external 1/3 of the extenral acoustic meatus?

97
Q

What are the walls of the internal 2/3 of the external acoustic meatus?

A

Temporal bone

98
Q

What are the coverings of the tympanic membrane?

A

Skin on the outside
Mucous membrane on the inside- connected to temporal bone by fibrocartilaginous ring

99
Q

What attaches to the tympanic membrane?

A

The handle of the malleus at a point called the umbo of the tympanic membrane

100
Q

What is the arterial supply of the external ear?

A

Branches of ECA:
- Posterior auricular
- Superficial temporal
- Occipital
- Maxillary

101
Q

What is the innervation of the external ear?

A

Greater auricular nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Branches of facial ad vagus nerves

102
Q

What bone does the middle ear lie within?

103
Q

Where does the middle ear extend from and to?

A

Tympanic membrane to the lateral wall of the inner ear

104
Q

What is the main function of the middle ear?

A

Transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear via the auditory ossicles

105
Q

What are the divisions of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity- contains auditory ossicles
Epitympanic recess- space superior to tympanic cavity next to mastoid air cells

106
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

107
Q

What is the function of the mastoid air cells?

A

Releases air into tympanic cavity when pressure is too low

108
Q

What is the eustachian tube?

A

Cartilaginous and bony tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
Also acts to equalise the pressure of the middle ear to that of the external auditory meatus

109
Q

What does the inner ear contain?

A

The vestibulocochlear organs

110
Q

What are the functions of the inner ear?

A

Convert mechanical signals from middle ear into electrical signals
Maintain balance

111
Q

What are the 2 main components of the inner ear?

A

Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth

112
Q

What does the bony labyrinth consist of?

A

Cochlea
Vestibule
3 Semi-circular canals

113
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth consist of?

A

Cochlear duct
Saccule and Utricle
Semi-circular ducts

114
Q

What is the innervation of the inner ear?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Divides into vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve

115
Q

What are the surface features of the nose?

A

Root
Bridge
Dorsum nasi
Ala
Apex

116
Q

What is the skeleton of the nose made up of?

A

Bony component
Cartilagenous component

117
Q

What is the internal nasal septum composed of?

A

Paired bones: nasal, maxillary, palatine
Unpaired bones: ethmoid, vomer

118
Q

What is the arterial supply of the external nose?

A

Branches of facial artery:
- Maxillary arteries
- Opthelamic arteries

119
Q

What is the innervation of the external nose?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

120
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the nasal cavity

121
Q

What are the 4 paired paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxillary
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

122
Q

Where do the paranasal sinuses drain?

A

Into the nasal cavity

123
Q

What is the drainage of the frontal sinuses?

A

Middle meatus

124
Q

What is the drainage of the sphenoid sinuses?

A

Open into spheno-ethmoidal recess

125
Q

What is the drainage of the ethmoidal sinuses?

A

Anterior- middle meatus
Middle- ethmoidal bulla
Posterior- superior meatus

126
Q

What is the drainage of the maxillary sinuses?

A

Middle meatus

127
Q

What are the 4 functions of the nasal cavity?

A

Warm and humidify air
Remove and trap pathogens
Sense of smell
Drains and clears paranasal sinuses and lacrimal ducts

128
Q

What are the divisions of the nasal cavity?

A

Vestibule
Respiratory region
Olfactory region

129
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Hard palate:
- Palatine bone posteriorly
- Palatine process of maxilla anteriorly

130
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

131
Q

What are conchae/turbinates?

A

Curved shelves of bone projecting out lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Create 4 pathways for air to flow

132
Q

What is the function of the conchae?

A

Increase surface area of nasal cavity
Disrupt fast, laminar flow of air making it slow and turbulent- air spends longer in nasal cavity so it can be hunidified

133
Q

What are meatuses?

A

Pathways for air to flow
Created by conchae

134
Q

What are the 4 meatuses?

A

Inferior- between inferior concha and floor of nasal cavity
Middle- between inferior and middle concha
Superior- between middle and superior concha
Spheno-ethmoidal recess- superior and posterior to superior conchae

135
Q

In addition to the paranasal structures what other structures open into the nasal cavity?

A

Nasolacrimal duct- inferior meatus
Eustachian tube- inferior meatus

136
Q

What is the arterial supply of the nose?

137
Q

What is the anatomical division of the parotid duct?

A

Deep lobe
Superficial lobe
Separated by facial nerve

138
Q

What is the other name for the parotid duct?

A

Stensen duct

139
Q

Where does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator muscle and opens into the oral cavity near the second upper molar

140
Q

What neurovascular structures pass through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve (VII)
ECA
Retromandibular vein

141
Q

What is the arterial supply of the parotid gland?

A

Posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery
Both are branches of ECA

142
Q

What is the venous drainage of the parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein

143
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sensory: auriculotemporal nerve and greater auricular nerve

144
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic: Glossopharyngeal nerve synapses with otic ganglion. Auriculotemporal nerve then carries the parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland

Sympathetic: originates from superior cervical ganglion, part of paravertebral chain

145
Q

What are the borders of the sublingual glands?

A

Lateral: mandible
Medial: genioglossus muscle

146
Q

What passes along the medial aspect of the sublingual glands?

A

Submandibular duct
Lingual nerve

147
Q

Where do the sublingual glands drain?

A

Minor sublingual ducts opening out onto the sublingual folds

148
Q

What is the vasculature of the sublingual glands?

A

Sublingual a./v. (lingual)
Submental a./v. (internal jugular)

149
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the sublingual glands?

A

Originates from the superior salivatory nucleus via chorda tympani branch of facial nerve.
Chorda tympani unifies with the lingual branch of mandibular nerve.
Synapses at submandibular ganglion
Post ganglionic secretomotor fibres

150
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the sublingual glands?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

151
Q

Where are the submandibular glands located?

A

Submandibular triangle

152
Q

What is the anatomical structure of the submandibular glands?

A

Superficial arm
Deep arm

153
Q

What muscle does the submandibular glands hook around?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

154
Q

What is the other name for the submandibular duct?

A

Wharton’s duct

155
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open?

A

Small sublingual papillae at base of lingual frenulum bilaterally

156
Q

What nerves are associated with the submandibular duct?

A

Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Facial nerve (marginal mandibular branch)

157
Q

What is the arterial supply of the submandibular glands?

A

Submental artery (facial)
Sublingual (lingual)

158
Q

What is the venous drainage of the submandibular glands?

A

Facial vein -> IJV
Sublingual vein -> lingual -> IJV

159
Q

What is the innervation of the submandibular glands?

A

Autonomic
Same as sublingual glands

160
Q

Wat does the oral cavity span between?

A

Oral fissure
Oropharyngeal isthmus

161
Q

What are the divisions of the oral cavity?

A

Vestibule
Mouth proper

162
Q

What is the roof of the mouth composed of?

A

Hard palate- bony plate
Soft palate- muscular structure

163
Q

What are the cheeks of the mouth composed of?

A

Buccinator muscle

164
Q

What is the floor of the mouth composed of?

A

Muscular diaphragm- mylohyoid muscles
Geniohyoid muscles
Tongue
Salivary glands and ducts

165
Q

What is the innervation of the oral cavity?

A

All supplied by branches of trigeminal nerve (CNV)
Hard palate: Greater palatine and Nasopalatine nerve (Maxillary division)
Soft palate: Lesser palatine nerve (Maxillary division)
Floor: Lingual nerve (Mandibular division)
Cheeks: Buccal nerve (Mandibular divsion)

166
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Hard palate
- Palatine bone posteriorly
- Palatine process of maxilla anteriorly

167
Q

What is the lining of the superior palate?

A

Respiratory epithelium

168
Q

What is the lining of the inferior palate?

A

Oral mucosa

169
Q

What is the central process that hangs from the soft palate?

170
Q

What is the fauces?

A

Arched opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx

171
Q

What arches bind the soft palate to the tongue and pharynx?

A

Palatoglossal arches anteriorly
Palatopharyngeal arches posteriorly

172
Q

What lies between the two arches?

A

Palatine tonsils

173
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Tensor Veli Palatini
Levator Veli Palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus Uvulae

174
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
Except Tensor Veli Palatini which is innervated by media ptterygoid nerve (Branch of CNV3)

175
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palate?

A

Greater palatine arteries

176
Q

What is the venous drainage of the palate?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

177
Q

What is the innervation of the palate?

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

178
Q

What is the primary dentition composed of?

A

20 teeth, 10 in each arch

179
Q

What is the permanent dentition composed of?

A

32 teeth, 16 in each arch

180
Q

What are the 2 main parts of a tooth?

181
Q

What covers the crown?

182
Q

What covers the root?

183
Q

What layer lies beneath the enamel and cementum?

184
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

185
Q

Which bones form the boundaries of the orbit?

A

Frontal
Sphenoid
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Palatine

186
Q

What forms the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

187
Q

What forms the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic

188
Q

What forms the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Sphenoid

189
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic
Greater wing of sphenoid

190
Q

What are the contents of the eyeballs?

A

Eyeballs
Extraocular muscles
Eyelids
Nerves
Blood vessels

191
Q

What are the pathways into the orbit?

A

Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure

192
Q

What does the optic canal transmit?

A

Optic nerve
Opthalmic artery

193
Q

What does the superior orbital fissure transmit?

A

Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Naso ciliary nerve
Abducens nerve (VI)

194
Q

What does the inferior orbital fissure transmit?

A

Zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Sympathetic nerves

195
Q

Where do the recti muscles originate from?

A

Common tendinous ring

196
Q

What is the attachment of the SR?

A

Superior and anterior aspect of slcera

197
Q

What is the action of SR?

A

Elevation
Adduction
Medial rotation

198
Q

What is the innervation of SR?

199
Q

What is the attachment of IR?

A

Inferior and anterior aspect of sclera

200
Q

What is the actions of IR?

A

Depression
Adduction
Lateral rotation

201
Q

What is the innervation of IR?

202
Q

What is the attachment of MR?

A

Anteromedial aspect of sclera

203
Q

What is the action of MR?

A

Adducts eyeball

204
Q

What is the innervation of MR?

205
Q

What is the attachment of LR?

A

Anterolateral aspect of sclera

206
Q

What is the action of LR?

A

Abducts eyeball

207
Q

What is the innervation of LR?

A

Abducens nerve (CNVI)

208
Q

What is the origin and attachment of SO?

A

Origin: body of sphenoid bone
Insertion: posterior sclera

209
Q

What is the action of SO?

A

Depression
Abduction
Medial rotation

210
Q

What is the innervation of SO?

A

Trochlear nerve (CNIV)

211
Q

What is the origin and attachment of IO?

A

Origin: orbital floor
Insertion: posterior sclera

212
Q

What is the action of IO?

A

Elevation
Abduction
Lateral rotation

213
Q

What is the innervation of IO?

A

Oculomotor (CNIII)

214
Q

What does the fibrous layer of the eyeball consist of?

A

Sclera
Cornea

215
Q

What does the vascular layer of the eyeball consist of?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

216
Q

What are the 2 fluid filled chambers in the body?

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Both filled with aqueous humour

217
Q

What is the vasculature of the eyeball?

A

Ophthalmic artery
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

218
Q

What are the 5 main layers of the eyelid?

A

Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Orbicularis oculi
Tarsal plates
Levator apparatus
Conjunctiva

219
Q

What are the 2 tarsal plates?

A

Superior tarsus- upper eyelid
Inferior tarsus- lower eyelid

220
Q

What gland lies in the tarsal plates?

A

Meibomian glands (tarsal glands)

221
Q

What is the arterial supply of the eyelid?

A

Rich arterial supply:
- Ophthalmic artery
- Facial artery
- Superficial temporal artery

222
Q

What is the venous drainage of the eyelid?

A

Superficial temporal vein

223
Q

What is the innervation of the upper eyelid?

A

Ophthalmic nerve (V1):
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear
- Infratrochlear
- Lacrimal

224
Q

What is the innervation of the lower eyelid?

A

Maxillary nerve (V2):
- Infraorbital
- Zygomaticofacial

225
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

Anteriorly in superolateral aspect of orbit within the lacrimal fossa

226
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the lacrimal gland?

A

Orbital
Palpebral

227
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

A

The system responsible for the drainage of lacrimal fluid from the orbit.

228
Q

What is the lacrimal sac?

A

The dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct,

229
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct empty?

A

Inferior meatus of nasal cavity

230
Q

What is the arterial supply of the lacrimal gland?

A

Lacrimal artery (ophthalmic)

231
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lacrimal gland?

A

Superior ophthalmic vein -> cavernous sinus

232
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland?

A

Lacrimal nerve (branch of V3)

Head and Neck (8 decks)

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