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Head and Neck > Anatomy Workbooks > Flashcards

Anatomy Workbooks Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the extent of the scalp

A

Anterior: Supraorbital margins
Posterior: external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines
On each side: zygomatic arch

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2
Q

Describe the layers of the scalp

A

Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis of occiptofrontalis muscle
Loose areolar connective tissue
Periosteum

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3
Q

List the cutaneous nerves of the scalp

A

Anterior: trigeminal nerve (CNV)
Posterior: C2 and C3

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4
Q

Describe the distribution of dermatomes of the head

A

V1
V2
V3
C2
C3

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5
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the scalp

A

Supratrochlear (ICA)
Supraorbital (ICA)
Superficial temporal (ECA)
Posterior auricular (ECA)
Occipital (ECA)

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6
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the scalp

A

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Superficial temporal
Facial
Superior thyroid
External jugular
Internal jugular
Subclavian

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7
Q

Describe the cutaneous innervation of the face and branches of the trigeminal nerve innervating it

A

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

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8
Q

Describe the course of arteries which supplies the face and veins which drain it

A

External carotid:
- Superior thyroid
- Lingual
- facial
- Occipital
- Maxillary
- Posterior auricular
- Superficial temporal

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9
Q

List the main muscles of facial expression and their function

A

Orbicularis oculi palpebral- close eyelids gently
Orbicularis oculi orbital- close eyelids tightly
Occiptofrontalis occipital belly- retracts scalp
Occipitofrontalis frontal bellly- protacts scalp
Orbicularis oris- protrudes lips
Buccinator- presses cheek against molar teeth
Platysma- depresses mandible

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10
Q

Understand about innervation of the muscles of facial expression

A

Facial nerve (CNVII)
Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch

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11
Q

Be able to list the deficient movements when the facial nerve is injured/ damaged.

A

Facial nerve palsy

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12
Q

Describe the structure, function and topographic anatomy of the parotid gland and its duct including innervation

A

Exocrine gland
Parotid duct pierces buccinator muscle
Parasympathetic innervation from glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

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13
Q

Describe the relation of the external carotid artery and facial nerve and its branches to the parotid gland

A

ECA passes through and supplies parotid gland
Facial nerve passes through parotid gland but does not innervate it

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14
Q

Describe the general organisation of the neck with respect to fascia, layers and triangles

A

Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartments
Visceral compartment
All compartments enclosed by an outer musculofascial collar

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15
Q

Define the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck in terms of their borders and list their contents

A

Anterior: inferior border of mandible, Anterior border of SCM, midline of neck
Posterior: posterior margin of SCM, anterior margin of trapezius, middle 1/3 of clavicle

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16
Q

Name the subdivisions of the anterior triangles

A

Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

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17
Q

Name the subdivisions of the posterior triangles

A

Occipital triangle
Supraclavicular triangle

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18
Q

Define the dermatomes of the neck.

A

C2
C3

19
Q

Describe the anatomy of the thyroid gland and the structures to which it is attached and with which it normally moves

A

Right lobe, isthmus, left lobe
Lies at level of 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages

20
Q

Name and identify the strap muscles of the neck (infrahyoid muscles) and their location in relation to the thyroid gland

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

21
Q

Identify the arterial supply of the thyroid gland, and their relations with branches of the vagus nerve and be aware of the significance of these relations in surgery

A

Superior thyroid artery (ECA). Lies next to superior laryngeal nerve

Inferior thyroid artery (common carotid). Lies next to recurrent laryngeal nerve

22
Q

Identify the bones of the vault and identify the sutures uniting them

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

23
Q

Identify the bony prominences of the skull

A

Nasion
Glabella
Supraorbital notch
Infraorbital foramen
Zygoma
Maxilla
Mandible
TM joint
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen
Occiput
External occipital protuberance

24
Q

Identify the various parts of a typical cervical vertebrae, including its joints and ligaments

A

Body
Foramen transversarium
Transverse process
Inferior articular facet
Vertebra foramen
Spinous process

IV disc joint- symphysis
2 facet joints- synovial plane

25
Q

List the contents of the cranial fossa

A

Cribriform plate- olfactory n.
Optic canal- optic n.
Superior orbital fissure- trochlear n., opthalmic n., abducens n.
Foramen rotundum- maxillary n.
Foramen ovale- mandibular n.
Internal acoustic meatus- facia ln., vestibulocochlear n.
Jugular foramen- glossopharyngeal n., vagus n., accessory n.
Hypoglossal canal- hypoglossal n.

26
Q

Describe the course and distribution of the sensory and motor branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

A

Mandibular emerges from cranial cavity through the Foramen ovale.
Branches:
- Buccal
- Inferior alveolar
- Auriculotemporal
- Lingual

27
Q

List the functions of the nose.

A
  1. Traps dirt
  2. Warm and humidify air
  3. Drains and clears paranasal sinuses and lacrimal ducts
  4. Olfaction (smell)
28
Q

List the bones and cartilages which form the nose including the nasal septum and lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

Lateral wall: nasal, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, maxilla
Roof: nasal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
Floor: palatine processes of maxilla, palatine bone
Nasal septum: perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer bone, septal nasal cartilage

29
Q

Describe the organisation of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (conchae and meatuses)

A

Superior nasal conchae
Superior meatus
Middle nasal conchae
Middle meatus
Inferior nasal conchae
Inferior meatus

30
Q

Describe the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses, their innervation, relations and drainage.

A

Sphenoid sinus- sphenoethmoid recess
Maxillary sinus- middle meatus
Frontal sinus- middle meatus
Anterior ethmoid- middle meatus
Middle ethmoid - middle meatus
Posterior ethmoid- superior meatus
Nasolacrimal duct- inferior meatus

Frontal sinus- Opthalmic
Sphenoid sinus- Opthalmic
Ethmoidal sinus- Opthalmic
Maxillary sinus- Maxillary

31
Q

Demonstrate the continuity of the nasal passages with the pharynx and middle ear

A

Nasopharynx has orifice of Eustachian tube level with floor of the nose

32
Q

Define the boundaries, extent and contents of the oral cavity.

A

Anterior: teeth and gums
Posterior: oropharyngeal isthmus
Superior: palate
Inferior: floor of mouth

33
Q

Describe basic structure and innervation of teeth and function of the various types of teeth.

A

Crow and root
Incisors, Canines, Premolars
Molars

34
Q

Describe the location of the major salivary glands and their ducts.

A

Parotid- glossopharyngeal IX
Submandibular- facial nerve (chorda tympani)
Sublingual- facial nerve (chorda tympani)

35
Q

Describe the organisation of the structures forming the floor of the mouth

A

Left and right sublingual folds
Frenulum
Deep lingual vein

36
Q

Describe the histology of the tongue.

A

Fungiform papillae
Filiform papillae
Valate papillae
Foliate papillae

37
Q

Describe the basic histology of the salivary glands

A
38
Q

Describe the structure of the neonatal skull and the skull of a child and compare it with an adult skull.

A

Neonatal skull has a frontal and occipital fontanelle (soft spots)

39
Q

Describe the structure of the mandible, and identify its bony prominences, markings and foramina.

A

Body
Ramus
Angle of ramus
Alveolar ridge
Condyle
Coronoid process
Mental foramen
Mandibular foramen

40
Q

Name the changes occurring to the mandible with time in edentulous individuals

A

Absence of a well-defined alveolar process resulting from resorption due to disuse atrophy

41
Q

Identify the articular surfaces, capsular attachments and ligaments of the temporomandibular joint

A

Condyle
Coronoid process
Angle of ramus
Alveolar ridge

42
Q

Identify the pterion and state its clinical significance.

A

The region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join
Weakest part of skull
The anterior division of the middle meningeal artery runs underneath the pterion so vulnerable to epidural haematoma

43
Q

Identify and name the parts of the hyoid bone and the structures attached to it

A

Body
Lesser horn
Greater horn
Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Head and Neck (8 decks)

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