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Head and Neck > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is dermatology?

A

The study of both normal and abnormal skin and associated structures

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2
Q

What is pruritis?

A

Itching

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3
Q

What is a lesion?

A

Area of altered skin

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4
Q

What is a rash?

A

An eruption

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5
Q

What is a naevus?

A

Localised malformation of tissue structures

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6
Q

What is a comedone?

A

Plug in sebaceous follicle containing altered sebum, bacteria and cellular debris
Present as blackheads or whiteheads

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7
Q

What are confluent lesions?

A

Lesions merging together

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8
Q

What is an annular region?

A

Circle/ring

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9
Q

What is a discoid region?

A

Coin shaped/round lesion

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10
Q

What is erythema?

A

Redness with blanches on pressure

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11
Q

What is purpura?

A

Red or purple colour which doesn’t blanch on pressure
Petechiae- small pinpoint
Ecchysmoses- larger bruise like patches

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12
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat area of altered colour

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13
Q

What is a patch?

A

Larger flat area of altered colour or texture

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14
Q

What is a papule?

A

Solid raised lesion<0.5cm diameter

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15
Q

What is a nodule?

A

Solid raised lesion>0.5cm diameter

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16
Q

What is a plaque?

A

Palpable scarring raised lesion>0.5cm diameter

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17
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Small blister

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18
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Large blister

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19
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Pus containing lesion

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20
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Localised accumulation of pus in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues

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21
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Transient rasied lesion due to dermal oedema

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22
Q

What are scales?

A

Flakes of stratum corneum

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23
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum

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24
Q

What are the 3 phases of the hair cycle?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

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25
Q

What are the stages of wound healing?

A

Haemostasis
Inflammation
Proliferation
Remodelling

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26
Q

What conditions come under emergency dermatology?

A

Urticaria, Angioedema
Erythema nodosum
Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Erythroderma
Eczema herpeticum
Necrotizing fasciitis

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27
Q

What is the presentation of urticaria?

A

Itchy wheals
Due to swelling involving superficial dermis

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28
Q

What is the management of urticaria?

A

Antihistamines
Corticosteroids for severe acute

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29
Q

What is the presentation of angiooedema?

A

Swelling of tongue and lips
Due to deeper swelling involving dermis and subcutaneous tissue

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30
Q

What is the management of angioedema?

A

Corticosteroids

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31
Q

What is the presentation of erythema nodosum?

A

Discrete tender nodules which may become confluent
Shins are most common site

Hypersensitivity response

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32
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Acute self limiting condition
Herpes simplex virus is main precipitating factor

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33
Q

What is Stevens Johnson Syndrome?

A

Mucocutaneous necrosis
Drugs are main associations
Extensive necrosis distinguishes from erythema multiforme

34
Q

What is Toxic epidermal necrosis?

A

Acute severe disease
Extensive skin and mucosal necrosis
Systemic toxicity
Drug induced

35
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

Red skin
Exfoliative dermatitis involving at least 90% of skin surface
Skin is inflamed, oedematous, scaly

36
Q

What is the management of erythroderma?

A

Treat underlying cause
Emollients and wet wraps for moisture
Topical steroids

37
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

Widespread eruption
Herpes simplex virus
Extensive crusted papules, blisters and erosions

38
Q

What is the management of eczema herpeticum?

A

Antivirals- aciclovir
Antibiotics for bacterial secondary infection

39
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Rapidly spreading infection of deep fascia with secondary tissue necrosis
Group A strep.
Severe pain, erythematous, blistering, necrotic skin

40
Q

What is the management of necrotising fasciitis?

A

Urgent referral for extensive surgical debridement
IV antibiotics

41
Q

What conditions come under skin infections/infestations?

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Fungal infections

42
Q

What is Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Seen in childhood
Scalded skin appearance followed by large flaccid bulla
Perioral crusting
Painful lesions

43
Q

What is the management of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Antibiotics
Analgesia

44
Q

What are the types of fungal infections?

A

Tinea
Candida

45
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

Trunk and limbs

46
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

Groin

47
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

Athletes foot

48
Q

What is tinea magnum?

A

Hand

49
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

Ringworm

50
Q

What is tinea unguium?

A

Nail

51
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

Candidal skin infection
White plaques on mucosal arease

52
Q

What is the management of fungal infections?

A

Topical antifungals- terbinafine cream
Oral antifungals- itraconazole
Avoid topical steroids
Correct predisposing factors

53
Q

What are the types of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma BCC
Squamous cell carcinoma SCC
Malignant melanoma

54
Q

What skin tumour is most common?

A

BCC

55
Q

What are the morphological types of BCC?

A

Nodular
Superficial
Cystic
Morphoiec
Keratotic
Pigmented

56
Q

What are the features of nodular BCC?

A

Small, skin coloured papule/nodule with surface telangiectasia and a pearly rolled edge
Necrotic or ulcerated centre
Rarely metastasise

57
Q

What is the management of BCC?

A

Surgical excision
Mohs micrographic surgery
Radiotherapy
Cyrotherapy
Curettage and cautery
Topical photodynamic therapy
Topical treatment

58
Q

What are the features of SCC?

A

Keratotic, ill defined nodule which may ulcerate
Potential to metastasise

59
Q

What is the management of SCC?

A

Surgical excision
Mohs micrographic surgery
Radiotherapy

60
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

Invasive malignant tumour of epidermal melanocytes with potential to metastaise

61
Q

What is the presentation of melanoma?

A

Asymmetrical shape
Border irregularity
Colour irregularity
Diameter>6mm
Evolution of lesion

62
Q

What are the types of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading- lower limbs
Nodular- trunk
Lentigo maligna- face
Acral lentiginous- palms, soles and nails

63
Q

What is the management of malignant melanoma?

A

Surgical excision
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy for metastatic

64
Q

What are the inflammatory skin conditions?

A

Atopic eczema
Acne
Psoriasis

65
Q

What is eczema?

A

Dermatitis
Papules and vesicles on an erythematous base

66
Q

What is the most common type of eczema?

A

Atopic

67
Q

What is the presentation of atopic eczema?

A

Itchy, erythematous dry scaly patches
Face and flexor aspects

68
Q

What is the management of atopic eczema?

A

avoid exacerbating agents
Soap substitutes
Topical steroids for flare ups
Topical immunomodulators
Antihistamines
Oral antibiotics for secondary infections
Phototherapy
Immunosuppressants

69
Q

What is acne vulagris?

A

Inflammatory disease of pilosevaceous follicle

70
Q

What is mild acne?

A

Non inflammatory lesions
Open and closed comedones

71
Q

What is moderate/severe acne?

A

Papules, pustules, nodules, cysts

72
Q

What is the management of acne?

A

Topical therapies for mild acne- antibiotics, retinoids
Oral therapies for moderate/severe- antibiotics, antiandrogens (females), retinoids

73
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Chronic inflammatory skin disease due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration

74
Q

What are the types of psoriasis?

A

Chronic plaque (most common)
Guttate
Seborrhoeic
Flexural
Pustular
Erythrodermic

75
Q

What’s the presentation of psoriasis?

A

Well-demarcated erythematous scaly plaques
Itchy, burning or painful lesions
Auspitz sign

76
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

Scratch and gentle removal of scales cause capillary bleeding

77
Q

What is management of psoriasis?

A

Emollients to reduce scales
Topical: vitamin D analogues, steroids, coal tar preparations, retinoids
Phototherapy for extensive disease
Oral: methotrexate, retinoids, ciclosporin, biologics

78
Q

What are the types of blistering conditions?

A

Pemphigus
Pemphigoid

79
Q

What are the features of pemphigoid?

A

Common
Elderly patients
Intact and tense blisters
Patients well

80
Q

What are the features of pemphigus?

A

Uncommon
Middle aged patients
Fragile blisters- easily ruptured
Mucous membranes affects
Unwell patients

Head and Neck (8 decks)

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