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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is dermatology?

A

The study of both normal and abnormal skin and associated structures

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2
Q

What is pruritis?

A

Itching

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3
Q

What is a lesion?

A

Area of altered skin

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4
Q

What is a rash?

A

An eruption

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5
Q

What is a naevus?

A

Localised malformation of tissue structures

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6
Q

What is a comedone?

A

Plug in sebaceous follicle containing altered sebum, bacteria and cellular debris
Present as blackheads or whiteheads

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7
Q

What are confluent lesions?

A

Lesions merging together

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8
Q

What is an annular region?

A

Circle/ring

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9
Q

What is a discoid region?

A

Coin shaped/round lesion

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10
Q

What is erythema?

A

Redness with blanches on pressure

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11
Q

What is purpura?

A

Red or purple colour which doesn’t blanch on pressure
Petechiae- small pinpoint
Ecchysmoses- larger bruise like patches

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12
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat area of altered colour

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13
Q

What is a patch?

A

Larger flat area of altered colour or texture

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14
Q

What is a papule?

A

Solid raised lesion<0.5cm diameter

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15
Q

What is a nodule?

A

Solid raised lesion>0.5cm diameter

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16
Q

What is a plaque?

A

Palpable scarring raised lesion>0.5cm diameter

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17
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Small blister

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18
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Large blister

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19
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Pus containing lesion

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20
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Localised accumulation of pus in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues

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21
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Transient rasied lesion due to dermal oedema

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22
Q

What are scales?

A

Flakes of stratum corneum

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23
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum

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24
Q

What are the 3 phases of the hair cycle?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

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25
What are the stages of wound healing?
Haemostasis Inflammation Proliferation Remodelling
26
What conditions come under emergency dermatology?
Urticaria, Angioedema Erythema nodosum Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis Erythroderma Eczema herpeticum Necrotizing fasciitis
27
What is the presentation of urticaria?
Itchy wheals Due to swelling involving superficial dermis
28
What is the management of urticaria?
Antihistamines Corticosteroids for severe acute
29
What is the presentation of angiooedema?
Swelling of tongue and lips Due to deeper swelling involving dermis and subcutaneous tissue
30
What is the management of angioedema?
Corticosteroids
31
What is the presentation of erythema nodosum?
Discrete tender nodules which may become confluent Shins are most common site Hypersensitivity response
32
What is erythema multiforme?
Acute self limiting condition Herpes simplex virus is main precipitating factor
33
What is Stevens Johnson Syndrome?
Mucocutaneous necrosis Drugs are main associations Extensive necrosis distinguishes from erythema multiforme
34
What is Toxic epidermal necrosis?
Acute severe disease Extensive skin and mucosal necrosis Systemic toxicity Drug induced
35
What is erythroderma?
Red skin Exfoliative dermatitis involving at least 90% of skin surface Skin is inflamed, oedematous, scaly
36
What is the management of erythroderma?
Treat underlying cause Emollients and wet wraps for moisture Topical steroids
37
What is eczema herpeticum?
Widespread eruption Herpes simplex virus Extensive crusted papules, blisters and erosions
38
What is the management of eczema herpeticum?
Antivirals- aciclovir Antibiotics for bacterial secondary infection
39
What is necrotising fasciitis?
Rapidly spreading infection of deep fascia with secondary tissue necrosis Group A strep. Severe pain, erythematous, blistering, necrotic skin
40
What is the management of necrotising fasciitis?
Urgent referral for extensive surgical debridement IV antibiotics
41
What conditions come under skin infections/infestations?
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Fungal infections
42
What is Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
Seen in childhood Scalded skin appearance followed by large flaccid bulla Perioral crusting Painful lesions
43
What is the management of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
Antibiotics Analgesia
44
What are the types of fungal infections?
Tinea Candida
45
What is tinea corporis?
Trunk and limbs
46
What is tinea cruris?
Groin
47
What is tinea pedis?
Athletes foot
48
What is tinea magnum?
Hand
49
What is tinea capitis?
Ringworm
50
What is tinea unguium?
Nail
51
What is candidiasis?
Candidal skin infection White plaques on mucosal arease
52
What is the management of fungal infections?
Topical antifungals- terbinafine cream Oral antifungals- itraconazole Avoid topical steroids Correct predisposing factors
53
What are the types of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma BCC Squamous cell carcinoma SCC Malignant melanoma
54
What skin tumour is most common?
BCC
55
What are the morphological types of BCC?
Nodular Superficial Cystic Morphoiec Keratotic Pigmented
56
What are the features of nodular BCC?
Small, skin coloured papule/nodule with surface telangiectasia and a pearly rolled edge Necrotic or ulcerated centre Rarely metastasise
57
What is the management of BCC?
Surgical excision Mohs micrographic surgery Radiotherapy Cyrotherapy Curettage and cautery Topical photodynamic therapy Topical treatment
58
What are the features of SCC?
Keratotic, ill defined nodule which may ulcerate Potential to metastasise
59
What is the management of SCC?
Surgical excision Mohs micrographic surgery Radiotherapy
60
What is malignant melanoma?
Invasive malignant tumour of epidermal melanocytes with potential to metastaise
61
What is the presentation of melanoma?
Asymmetrical shape Border irregularity Colour irregularity Diameter>6mm Evolution of lesion
62
What are the types of melanoma?
Superficial spreading- lower limbs Nodular- trunk Lentigo maligna- face Acral lentiginous- palms, soles and nails
63
What is the management of malignant melanoma?
Surgical excision Radiotherapy Chemotherapy for metastatic
64
What are the inflammatory skin conditions?
Atopic eczema Acne Psoriasis
65
What is eczema?
Dermatitis Papules and vesicles on an erythematous base
66
What is the most common type of eczema?
Atopic
67
What is the presentation of atopic eczema?
Itchy, erythematous dry scaly patches Face and flexor aspects
68
What is the management of atopic eczema?
avoid exacerbating agents Soap substitutes Topical steroids for flare ups Topical immunomodulators Antihistamines Oral antibiotics for secondary infections Phototherapy Immunosuppressants
69
What is acne vulagris?
Inflammatory disease of pilosevaceous follicle
70
What is mild acne?
Non inflammatory lesions Open and closed comedones
71
What is moderate/severe acne?
Papules, pustules, nodules, cysts
72
What is the management of acne?
Topical therapies for mild acne- antibiotics, retinoids Oral therapies for moderate/severe- antibiotics, antiandrogens (females), retinoids
73
What is psoriasis?
Chronic inflammatory skin disease due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration
74
What are the types of psoriasis?
Chronic plaque (most common) Guttate Seborrhoeic Flexural Pustular Erythrodermic
75
What's the presentation of psoriasis?
Well-demarcated erythematous scaly plaques Itchy, burning or painful lesions Auspitz sign
76
What is Auspitz sign?
Scratch and gentle removal of scales cause capillary bleeding
77
What is management of psoriasis?
Emollients to reduce scales Topical: vitamin D analogues, steroids, coal tar preparations, retinoids Phototherapy for extensive disease Oral: methotrexate, retinoids, ciclosporin, biologics
78
What are the types of blistering conditions?
Pemphigus Pemphigoid
79
What are the features of pemphigoid?
Common Elderly patients Intact and tense blisters Patients well
80
What are the features of pemphigus?
Uncommon Middle aged patients Fragile blisters- easily ruptured Mucous membranes affects Unwell patients

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