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Head and Neck > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does the development of the head and neck begin?

A

4th and 5th week

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2
Q

What is mesenchymal tissue?

A

Connective tissue

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3
Q

Where are the pharyngeal clefts?

A

Ectodermal surface of the pharyngeal arches

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4
Q

Where are the pharyngeal pouches?

A

Endodermal surface of the pharyngeal arches

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5
Q

What are the components of each pharyngeal arch?

A

Cranial nerve
Muscular component
Cartilaginous supporting element
Vascular component

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6
Q

What is the 1st pharyngeal arch comprised of?

A

Maxillary prominence (dorsal portion)
Mandibular prominence (ventral portion)

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7
Q

What cranial nerve is the 1st pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CNV)

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8
Q

What does the artery of the 1st arch become?

A

Maxillary artery (branch of ECA)

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9
Q

What muscles does the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of mastication

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10
Q

What is the fate of the 1st pharyngeal cartilage?

A

Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Part of temporal bone

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11
Q

What cranial nerve is the 2nd pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

Facial nerve (CNVII)

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12
Q

What 2 arteries are associated with the 2nd arch?

A

Stapedial artery (regresses before birth)
Hyoid artery

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13
Q

What muscles does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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14
Q

What is the fate of the 2nd pharyngeal cartilage?

A

Stapes
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Upper body and lesser horn of hyoid bone

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15
Q

What cranial nerve is the 3rd pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

Glossopharyngeal arch (CNIX)

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16
Q

What does the artery of the 3rd arch become?

A

Common carotid artery
Proximal portion of internal carotid artery

17
Q

What muscle does the 3rd pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

18
Q

What is the fate of the 3rd pharyngeal cartilage?

A

Lower body and greater horn of hyoid bone

19
Q

What cranial nerve is the 4th pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

Superior laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve (X)

20
Q

What does the artery of the 4th arch become?

A

Right- subclavian artery
Left- aortic arch

21
Q

What muscles does the 4th pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of larynx

22
Q

What is the fate of the 4th pharyngeal cartilage?

A

Laryngeal cartilages:
Thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage

23
Q

What cranial nerve is the 6th pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve (X)

24
Q

What does the artery of the 6th arch become?

A

Right- pulmonary arteries
Left- ductus arteriosus

25
Q

What muscles does the 6th pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of larynx

26
Q

What is the fate of the 6th pharyngeal cartilage?

A

Lower thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

27
Q

What other structures develop from the pharyngeal arches?

A

Tongue
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Part of pituitary gland

28
Q

What is the oropharyngeal membrane comprised of?

A

Ectoderm externally
Endoderm internally

29
Q

What prominences do the face develop from?

A

Fronto nasal
Mandibular
Maxillary

30
Q

What is the stomatodeum?

A

A space between the maxillary prominences, covered by the oropharyngeal membrane
It is the precursor to the mouth and pituitary gland

31
Q

What are the derivatives of the frontonasal prominence?

A

Forehead
Bridge of nose
Medial nasal prominence
Lateral nasal prominence

32
Q

What are the derivatives of the medial nasal prominence?

A

Philtrum
Primary palate
Upper 4 incisors and associated jaw

33
Q

What are the derivatives of the lateral nasal prominence?

A

Sides of nose

34
Q

What are the derivatives of the maxillary prominence?

A

Cheeks
Lateral upper lip
Secondary palate
Lateral upper jaw

35
Q

What are the derivatives of the mandibular prominence?

A

Lower lip
Lower jaw

36
Q

What forms the primary palate?

A

Fusion of the medial nasal prominences

37
Q

What forms the secondary palate?

A

Palatine shelves from the maxillary processes

38
Q

How do the flat bones of the cranial vault form?

A

Membranous ossification

39
Q

How to the irregular bones of the base of the skull form?

A

Endochondral ossification

Head and Neck (8 decks)

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