Rhinitis Flashcards
Rhinitis
Chronic & often debilitating disease involving acute or chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa.
How does rhinitis cause difficulty breathing in?
Increased mucosal blood flow & increased blood vessel permeability & dilated blood vessels => increases volume of nasal mucosa
Rhinorrhea
Watery mucus accumulation in nasal cavity.
Types
Allergic, non-allergic, mixed
Allergic Rhinitis types
Seasonal, perennial, episodic
Allergic Rhinitis
Inhalation of allergen increases IgE levels => IgE binds to receptors on mast cells & basophils => re-exposure to allergen you causes mast cell & basophil degranulaton => release of mediators causing itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea & nasal congestion.
How does allergic rhinitis cause congestion & obstruction
Delayed response caused by recruitment of lymphocytes & eosinophils to nasal mucosa.
Non-allergic rhinitis
Any rhinitis that does not involve IgE dependent events
Causes of non-allergic rhinitis
Infection, hormonal, vasomotor disturbance, NARES, drug-induced
Mixed allergic rhinitis
Occupational rhinitis
Symptoms
Rhinorrhea, sneezing, itching, nasal congestion & obstruction.
Treatment
- Glucocorticoids
- CysLT1 receptor antagonists
- Vasoconstrictors
- Sodium cromoglicate.