Physiology

Question 1

Internal Respiration

Answer 1

Intracellular mechanisms which consumes O2 and produces CO2

Question 2

External Respiration

Answer 2

Events that lead to exchange of O2 and CO2 between external environment and the body. Include: Ventilation, Gas exchange between alveoli and blood, gas transport in the blood & gas exchange at the tissue level.

Question 3

Ventilation

Answer 3

Mechanical process of moving gas in and out of the lungs.

Question 4

Gas Exchange between Alveoli and Blood

Answer 4

Exchange of O2 & CO2 between air in alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries.

Question 5

Gas Transport in the Blood

Answer 5

Binding & transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood

Question 6

Gas Exchange at Tissue Level

Answer 6

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in systemic capillaries and the body cells.

Question 7

Boyle’s Law

Answer 7

As volume of a gas increases the pressure decreases. .

Question 8

How is ventilation of the lungs achieved?

Answer 8

By expansion of the thoracic cavity and lungs during inspiration.

Question 9

Forces holding thoracic wall and lungs in close opposition

Answer 9

Intrapleural fluid cohesiveness & negative intrapleural pressure.

Question 10

Pressures important in ventilation

Answer 10

Atmospheric, intra-alveolar & intra-pleural pressure.

Question 11

Inspiration

Answer 11

Inhalation

Question 12

Expiration

Answer 12

Exhalation

Question 13

Is inspiration active or passive?

Answer 13

Active

Question 14

Is expiration active or passive?

Answer 14

Passive

Question 15

Inspiratory muscles used during normal breathing

Answer 15

Diaphragm & External intercostal muscles.

Question 16

Movement of Diaphragm in normal inspiration

Answer 16

Contracts, increasing thorax vertically.

Question 17

Movement of intercostal muscle in normal inspiration

Answer 17

Contracts, lifts ribs and moves out sternum “bucket handle”

Question 18

What causes lung recoil during expiration

Answer 18

Alveolar Surface Tension & Elastic Connective tissue.

Question 19

LaPlaces Law

Answer 19

Smaller alveoli have a higher tendency to collapse.

Question 20

Alveolar Surface Tension

Answer 20

Created by attraction between water molecules at liquid-air surface.

Question 21

How to reduce surface tension

Answer 21

Pulmonary Surfactant: intersperses water molecules on lungs.

Question 22

Expiratory muscles used during active expiration

Answer 22

Internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles.