Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Intracellular mechanisms which consumes O2 and produces CO2

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2
Q

External Respiration

A

Events that lead to exchange of O2 and CO2 between external environment and the body. Include: Ventilation, Gas exchange between alveoli and blood, gas transport in the blood & gas exchange at the tissue level.

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3
Q

Ventilation

A

Mechanical process of moving gas in and out of the lungs.

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4
Q

Gas Exchange between Alveoli and Blood

A

Exchange of O2 & CO2 between air in alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries.

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5
Q

Gas Transport in the Blood

A

Binding & transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood

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6
Q

Gas Exchange at Tissue Level

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in systemic capillaries and the body cells.

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7
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

As volume of a gas increases the pressure decreases. .

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8
Q

How is ventilation of the lungs achieved?

A

By expansion of the thoracic cavity and lungs during inspiration.

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9
Q

Forces holding thoracic wall and lungs in close opposition

A

Intrapleural fluid cohesiveness & negative intrapleural pressure.

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10
Q

Pressures important in ventilation

A

Atmospheric, intra-alveolar & intra-pleural pressure.

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11
Q

Inspiration

A

Inhalation

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12
Q

Expiration

A

Exhalation

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13
Q

Is inspiration active or passive?

A

Active

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14
Q

Is expiration active or passive?

A

Passive

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15
Q

Inspiratory muscles used during normal breathing

A

Diaphragm & External intercostal muscles.

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16
Q

Movement of Diaphragm in normal inspiration

A

Contracts, increasing thorax vertically.

17
Q

Movement of intercostal muscle in normal inspiration

A

Contracts, lifts ribs and moves out sternum “bucket handle”

18
Q

What causes lung recoil during expiration

A

Alveolar Surface Tension & Elastic Connective tissue.

19
Q

LaPlaces Law

A

Smaller alveoli have a higher tendency to collapse.

20
Q

Alveolar Surface Tension

A

Created by attraction between water molecules at liquid-air surface.

21
Q

How to reduce surface tension

A

Pulmonary Surfactant: intersperses water molecules on lungs.

22
Q

Expiratory muscles used during active expiration

A

Internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles.