Bronchiectasis Flashcards
Bronchiectasis
Abnormal, fixed (irreversible) dilatation of the bronchi. Dilatation airways accumulate purulent secretions.
Causes
Repeated infections, fibrous scarring following infection, chronic bronchial obstruction, immunodeficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, 50% idiopathic.
What happens to bronchi?
They become dilated, inflamed & easily collapsible.
Symptoms
Persistent productive cough, intermittent haemoptysis, chest pain, recurrent LRTIs
Signs
Finger clubbing, coarse inspiratory crepitations, wheeze.
Investigations
CXR, HRCT, FBC, sputum culture, serum immunoglobulins
CXR
Signet ring sign
HRCT
Thickened, dilatated airways
Complications
Pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax etc.
Treatment: Lifestyle
Exercise, smoking cessation, improved nutrition, airway clearance therapy.
Prevention
Vaccine
Treatment: Antibiotics
According to pathogen sensitivities.