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Otolaryngology > Rhinitis > Flashcards

Rhinitis Flashcards

1
Q

the presence of one or more of: sneezing, rhinorrhea (anterior/posterior), nasal congestion, nasal itching

A

rhinitis

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2
Q

what is the most common form of rhinitis?

A

allergic rhinitis

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3
Q

what is the second common form of rhinitis?

A

nonallergic rhinitis (NAR)

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4
Q

a form of nonallergic rhinitis in older adults who have had repeated sinus and nasal surgeries and now have progressive atrophy of the nasal lining

A

atrophic rhinitis

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5
Q

a patient presents with nasal itching, congestions, watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, poor sleep, snoring, fatigue, headaches, rhinosinusitis, and history of asthma. what is this patient experiencing?

A

allergic rhinitis

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6
Q

what 2 conditions increase risk for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. co-morbid eczema
  2. asthma
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7
Q

what are 3 physical findings I should expect to find in a child with allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. allergic shiners
  2. allergic salute
  3. transverse nasal crease
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8
Q

what would an otoscope exam of the nasal mucosa look like if a patient has allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. edematous (swelling)
  2. pale
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9
Q

70% of patients who have seasonal allergic rhinitis also have _____ _____, which gives symptoms of ___, ___, ___ eyes

A

allergic conjunctivitis - itchy, red, water eyes

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10
Q

what is the management for a patient with allergic rhinitis? list in the correct order (3)

A
  1. allergen avoidance
  2. pharmacotherapy
  3. allergen immunotherapy
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11
Q

what is the first line medication for a patient with allergic rhinitis?

A

steroid nasal spray

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12
Q

what are 2 steroid nasal sprays to use for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. nasonex
  2. flonase
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13
Q

what medication do some providers start in children with allergic rhinitis because it is safer?

A

NasalCrom

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14
Q

what is the second line treatment for a patient with allergic rhinitis?

A

oral antihistamine

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15
Q

what are 3 oral antihistamines that can be used as a second line treatment for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. zyrtec
  2. claritin
  3. allegra
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16
Q

what is the third line treatment for a patient with allergic rhinitis if they do not respond to steroid nasal spray or an oral antihistamine?

A

nasal antihistamine

17
Q

what are 2 antihistamine nasal sprays that can be used for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Astelin
  2. Patanase
18
Q

what is the fourth line treatment for patients that have persistent or moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis?

A

Montelukast - helps decrease body’s response to allergens

18
Q

what should I recommend to a patient with allergic rhinitis that has not responded to the first, second, or third line treatment?

A

allergen immunotherapy

18
Q

what are some triggers for NAR? (4)

A
  1. perfumes
  2. cleaning products
  3. alcoholic beverages
  4. newsprint
18
Q

what are two treatments I should give to a patient with allergic conjunctivitis that is present with allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. steroid nasal spray AND
  2. antihistamine eye drops
18
Q

what are 3 antihistamine eye drops that I can use for a patient with allergic conjunctivitis that is present with allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. elestat
  2. optivar
  3. pataday
18
Q

what is an at-home treatment for allergic rhinitis?

A

irrigation with hypertonic nasal saline

18
Q

NAR reaction to nonspecific irritants - air pollution, temperature changes (cold, dry air)

A

vasomotor rhinitis

19
Q

a patient presents with nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and postnasal drainage all year round (perennial) and has a later onset, with the absence of nasal/ocular itching and sneezing. what is this patient experiencing?

A

non-allergic rhinitis

19
Q

NAR reaction of prominent watery rhinorrhea triggered most often by hot or spicy foods

A

gustatory rhinitis

20
Q

what are 2 treatments that can help a patient with nonallergic rhinitis manage symptoms?

A
  1. nasal steroid
  2. nasal antihistamine
21
Q

what has been approved to treat the symptoms of rhinorrhea in chronic nonallergic rhinitis?

A

ipratropium nasal spray

22
Q

how would an ENT likely treat a patient with nonallergic rhinitis? (3)

A
  1. oral decongestants (sudafed)
  2. nasal lavage / saline spray
  3. oral antihistamine

Otolaryngology (19 decks)

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