Lacrimal and Lens Disorders

Question 1

what are 2 etiologies for acute dacryocystitis?

Answer 1

1. staph aureus
2. strep

Question 2

what are 3 etiologies for chronic dacryocystitis?

Answer 2

1. staph epidermidis
2. strep
3. gram-negative bacilli

Question 3

which 2 patients are most likely to get dacryocystitis?

Answer 3

1. infants
2. adults over 40

Question 4

what is the pathophysiology of dacryocystitis?

Answer 4

infection of lacrimal sac

Question 5

infection of the lacrimal sac is due to _____ or _____ obstruction of the _____ system

Answer 5

congenital; acquired; nasolacrimal

Question 6

a clinical presentation of erythema, swelling, warmth, tenderness of the lacrimal sac, and purulent discharge is most consistent with which eye condition?

Answer 6

dacryocystitis

Question 7

signs of infection would be seen in which age of patients with dacryocystitis?

Answer 7

adults

Question 8

what would I base a diagnosis of dacryocystitis on?

Answer 8

physical

Question 9

what should I do for a patient with dacryocystitis?

Answer 9

referral to ophthalmology

Question 10

what 2 diagnostic tests would ophthalmology most likely do for a patient with dacryocystitis?

Answer 10

1. blood cultures
2. drainage cultures

Question 11

what is the main treatment for dacryocystits?

Answer 11

antibiotic for 7-10 days

Question 12

what antibiotic should be used for a mild infection of dacryocystitis?

Answer 12

oral clindamycin

Question 13

what are the treatments for a severe case of dacryocystitis? (2)

Answer 13

1. IV vancomycin
2. 3rd gen cephalosporin

Question 14

infection of the cornea

Answer 14

infectious keratitis

Question 15

what are the 5 etiologies of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 15

1. staph aureus
2. pseudomonas aeruginosa
3. coagulase-negative staph
4. diphtheroids
5. strep pneumoniae

Question 16

what patient is most likely to get bacterial keratitis?

Answer 16

contact wearers

Question 17

what is the pathophysiology of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 17

improper contact lens use overnight

Question 18

a clinical presentation of foreign body sensation, difficulty keeping the involved eye open, corneal opacity or infiltrate with red eye, photophobia, and mucopurulent discharge is consistent with which eye condition?

Answer 18

bacterial keratitis

Question 19

what are 2 exams used to diagnose a patient with bacterial keratitis?

Answer 19

1. penlight exam
2. fluorescein stain

Question 20

a round white spot on the cornea

Answer 20

infiltrate

Question 21

what should I do for a patient with bacterial keratitis?

Answer 21

refer to ophthalmology

Question 22

what diagnostic would an ophthalmologist perform on a patient with bacterial keratitis?

Answer 22

cultures

Question 23

what is the main treatment for bacterial keratitis?

Answer 23

topical antibiotics (4th gen fluoroquinolone)

Question 24

what 2 specific medications can be prescribed to a patient with bacterial keratitis?

Answer 24

1. gatifloxacin
2. moxifloxacin

Question 25

what is the etiology of viral keratitis?

Answer 25

herpes simplex virus

Question 26

what patient is more likely to get viral keratitis?

Answer 26

one with HSV

Question 27

a clinical presentation of red eye, photophobia, foreign body sensation, watery discharge, and faint branching with grey opacity is consistent with which eye condition?

Answer 27

viral keratitis

Question 28

what exams would I use to diagnose a patient with viral keratitis? (2)

Answer 28

1. penlight exam
2. fluorescein stain

Question 29

what should I do for a patient with viral keratitis?

Answer 29

refer to ophthalmology

Question 30

what are 2 medications to use for viral keratitis?

Answer 30

1. ganciclovir gel
2. oral acyclovir