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Otolaryngology > Inner Ear > Flashcards

Inner Ear Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation of the labyrinth that affects the vestibular portion of CN 8

A

acute labyrinthitis

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2
Q

what is the etiology of acute labyrinthitis?

A

viral URI

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3
Q

a patient presents with history of viral URI with rapid onset of unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, N/V, and gait instability. what is this patient most likely experiencing?

A

acute labyrinthitis

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4
Q

what should I do for a patient with acute labyrinthitis?

A

refer to ENT

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5
Q

what is the short-term treatment for acute labyrinthitis? (3)

A
  1. prednisone for inflammation
  2. anti-emetics
  3. antivert
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6
Q

what is the long-term treatment for acute labyrinthitis?

A

vestibular rehab

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7
Q

an elderly patient presents with short episodes (secs-mins) of vertigo brought on by head movements, sudden onset N/V, tinnitus, and may be unable to walk or stand. 50% of patients have a history of ear trauma or infection. what is this patient most likely experiencing?

A

Benign, Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

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8
Q

what is the treatment for BPPV?

A

vestibular rehab

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9
Q

a patient that presents with perception of noise or ringing in the ears, which is a symptom of age-related hearing loss or ear injury. what is this patient experiencing?

A

tinnitus

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10
Q

how might tinnitus be described? (5)

A
  1. roaring
  2. buzzing
  3. ringing
  4. clicking
  5. hissing
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11
Q

what is the management for a patient with tinnitus? (2)

A
  1. refer to ENT
  2. audiology
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12
Q

what is the treatment goal for a patient with tinnitus?

A

reduce the awareness of tinnitus and protect QOL

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13
Q

benign tumor on the myelin-making cells wrapped around CN 8

A

vestibular schwannoma

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14
Q

a patient presents with asymmetric hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and (sometimes) facial numbness/weakness. what is this patient experiencing?

A

vestibular schwannoma

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15
Q

what are the 2 ways to diagnose a vestibular schwannoma?

A
  1. audiogram - asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss
  2. MRI of IAC
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16
Q

what should I perform on a patient that presents with sensorineural hearing loss?

A

MRI of internal acoustic canal (IAC)

17
Q

what is the treatment for a young patient with a large vestibular schwannoma, and significant hearing impairment?

A

surgery/radiation

18
Q

what is the treatment for an older patient with a small vestibular schwannoma, and limited hearing impairment?

A

observation with yearly audiogram and MRI

19
Q

excess endolymph (hydrops) within the inner ear

A

meniere disease

20
Q

although meniere disease has an unknown etiology, what is the most plausible cause?

A

sodium and water retention

21
Q

a patient presents with disabling episodes that lasts mins-hrs. They have fluctuating asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, +/- ear fullness in the same ear, and N/V. what is this patient experiencing?

A

meniere disease

22
Q

what is something I should worry about in a patient with meniere disease?

A

sensorineural hearing loss can become permanent within 8-10 years

23
Q

what are 5 differential diagnoses to keep in mind for a patient with suspected meniere disease?

A
  1. vestibular schwannoma
  2. BPPV
  3. MS
  4. transient ischemia attack
  5. migraine
24
Q

what 3 diagnostics should I perform on a patient with suspected meniere disease?

A
  1. audiogram
  2. vestibular testing
  3. MRI - rule out tumors and MS
25
Q

what is the main goal for managing a patient with meniere disease?

A

symptomatic relief and patient education

26
Q

what are 2 vestibular suppressants and 2 anti-emetics for a patient with meniere disease?

A
  1. clonazepam and diazepam
  2. phenergan and zofran
27
Q

what is the acute management for meniere disease? (2)

A

vestibular suppressants and anti-emetics

28
Q

what is the long-term management for meniere disease? (5)

A
  1. avoid triggers
  2. low sodium
  3. vestibular rehab
  4. diuretics
  5. vasodilator
29
Q

what diuretic helps with meniere disease to get rid of excess fluid?

A

hydrochlorothiazide

30
Q

what vasodilator helps with meniere disease to lower the amount of pressure the endolymph has in the system?

A

Serc

Otolaryngology (19 decks)

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