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Otolaryngology > Middle Ear > Flashcards

Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

what separates the external ear from the middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane

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2
Q

what drains the middle ear into the nasopharynx?

A

eustachian tubes

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3
Q

a patient whose ears crackle/pop with swallowing or yawning, has a history of URI or allergies, intra-aural fullness, and +/- mild decrease in hearing is most likely experiencing …

A

eustachian tube dysfunction

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4
Q

what 2 things must be present in a physical exam to diagnose a patient with eustachian tube dysfunction?

A
  1. retracted TM
  2. decreased valsalva
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5
Q

what is a differential diagnosis of e-tube dysfunction in kids?

A

adenoid hypertrophy

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6
Q

what is a differential diagnosis of e-tube dysfunction in adults?

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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7
Q

what is the treatment for e-tube dysfunction?

A

treat underlying URI or allergies

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8
Q

what 2 things should a patient do with e-tube dysfunction?

A
  1. valsalva
  2. avoid pressure changes
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9
Q

what are 5 possible complications of e-tube dysfunction?

A
  1. conductive hearing loss
  2. acute SOM
  3. chronic SOM
  4. TM perforation
  5. cholesteatoma
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10
Q

what are 4 etiologies of a TM perforation?

A
  1. rapid descent
  2. overpressure
  3. infection
  4. myringotomy
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11
Q

a patient that presents with tinnitus, pain, and otorrhea most likely has …

A

TM perforation

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12
Q

how would I diagnose a TM perforation?

A

otoscope (look at it) - see a hole

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13
Q

what is a differential diagnosis for a TM perforation?

A

cholesteatoma

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14
Q

what to do for a patient with a TM perforation?

A

refer to ENT

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15
Q

what would ENT do for a small TM perforation?

A

nothing - heals spontaneously

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16
Q

what would ENT do for a large TM perforation?

A

tympanoplasty

17
Q

what should a patient with a TM perforation avoid?

A

water

18
Q

an abnormal collection of keratin skin cells deep inside the ear due to chronic negative middle ear pressure retraction of the pars flaccida

A

cholesteatoma

19
Q

a patient with persistent purulent otorrhea, progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, and sometimes vertigo/facial nerve twitch is experiencing …

A

cholesteatoma

20
Q

how would I diagnose a cholesteatoma?

A

otoscope (look at it)

21
Q

what will I see in a patient with cholesteatoma?

A

attic retraction or perforation

22
Q

what would ENT do for a patient with cholesteatoma?

A

CT of temporal bone

23
Q

what is the treatment for cholesteatoma?

A

surgical excision

Otolaryngology (19 decks)

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