ENT neoplasms

Question 1

most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood that presents as leukocoria or strabismus in a child younger than 2 years

Answer 1

retinoblastoma

Question 2

a white reflex instead of a red reflex when light is flashed

Answer 2

leukocoria

Question 3

what to do for a patient with a retinoblastoma?

Answer 3

refer to ocular oncologist

Question 4

what would an ocular oncologist or ophthalmologist order for a patient with a retinoblastoma? (2)

Answer 4

1. ocular US
2. MRI of brain and orbit

Question 5

what is the treatment for retinoblastoma? (3)

Answer 5

1. chemotherapy
2. cryotherapy
3. laser photocoagulation

Question 6

in what patients is oral leukoplakia common in?

Answer 6

smokeless tobacco users

Question 7

a patient presents with white patches or plaques of the oral mucosa, hyperplasia of the epithelium, and associated with HPV. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 7

oral leukoplakia

Question 8

what is important to note during a physical exam for a patient with oral leukoplakia that helps with the diagnosis?

Answer 8

does not scrape off with a tongue blade

Question 9

what should be done for a patient with oral leukoplakia? (2)

Answer 9

1. refer to ENT
2. biopsy

Question 10

what is our treatment goal for oral leukoplakia? (2)

Answer 10

1. eliminate lesion
2. stop tobacco

Question 11

what is the most common type of oral cancer?

Answer 11

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 12

what is associated with the rising incidence of tonsil and base of tongue cancer?

Answer 12

HPV

Question 13

what should be done for a patient with an oral cancer?

Answer 13

refer to ENT

Question 14

what is required to adequately diagnose a patient with oral cancer? (2)

Answer 14

1. biopsy / needle aspiration
2. tumor staging

Question 15

what is the preferred option of treatment for oral cancer?

Answer 15

surgical removal

Question 16

what is the option for patients with oral cancer who are nonsurgical candidates?

Answer 16

radiation and/or chemotherapy

Question 17

a patient presents with asymptomatic or painless hoarseness and has white plaques on the larynx. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 17

laryngeal cancer

Question 18

what is the most common type of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

what would be seen in a patient with progressive laryngeal cancer?

Answer 19

ulcers

Question 20

when should a patient be referred to ENT for possible laryngeal cancer?

Answer 20

hoarseness for more than 2 weeks in the absence of acute URI

Question 21

when are cure rates for laryngeal cancer reduced by half?

Answer 21

once lesion metastasizes to regional cervical lymph nodes