Lid Disorders

Question 1

what is the etiology of a hordeolum?

Answer 1

staph aureus

Question 2

a patient with ______ _____ would be most likely to experience a hordeolum

Answer 2

skin conditions

Question 3

what are two skin conditions that a person with a hordeolum would most likely have experience with?

Answer 3

rosacea
seb dermatitis

Question 4

what is the pathophysiology of a hordeolum? (what went wrong to cause this?)

Answer 4

infection of gland

Question 5

a clinical presentation of a localized red, swollen, and acutely tender area on the upper or lower lid is most consistent with which eye disorder?

Answer 5

hordeolum

Question 6

what type of hordeolum is where the meibomian gland abscess points onto the conjunctival surface of the lid?

Answer 6

internal hordeolum

Question 7

what type of hordeolum is smaller and on the lid margin (gland of moll or zeis)?

Answer 7

external hordeolum

Question 8

what is an external hordeolum also known as?

Answer 8

stye

Question 9

how will I be able to diagnose a patient with a hordeolum?

Answer 9

history and physical

Question 10

what are 3 modes of treatment for a hordeolum?

Answer 10

1. warm compress
2. gentle massage
3. referral to ophthalmologist

Question 11

when would I want to refer a patient with a hordeolum to an ophthalmologist? (2)

Answer 11

1. after 1-2 weeks
2. recurrent episodes

Question 12

what kind of patient education would I give to a patient with a hordeolum?

Answer 12

discontinue eye makeup

Question 13

what is the pathophysiology of a chalazion?

Answer 13

inflammation of glands

Question 14

a patient with a history of a _____ will be most likely to get a chalazion

Answer 14

hordeolum

Question 15

a clinical presentation of a nontender, rubbery nodule on the upper or lower lid that can distort vision if large is most consistent with which eye disorder?

Answer 15

chalazion

Question 16

what will I base a chalazion diagnosis on?

Answer 16

history and physical

Question 17

what is the mode of treatment for a chalazion?

Answer 17

warm compress

Question 18

what are 3 things an ophthalmologist would do to a chalazion?

Answer 18

1. incision
2. curettage
3. glucocorticoid injection

Question 19

when would we asses a chalazion for cancer?

Answer 19

recurring unilateral lesions

Question 20

what is the etiology of posterior blepharitis?

Answer 20

staph aureus

Question 21

what are the 2 etiologies of anterior blepharitis?

Answer 21

staph aureus and seborrheic

Question 22

a patient with _____ and _____ would most likely experience blepharitis

Answer 22

rosacea; seb dermatitis

Question 23

what is the pathophysiology of posterior blepharitis?

Answer 23

hyper-keratinization of the gland epithelium that promotes bacterial growth

Question 24

a clinical presentation with red, swollen, or itchy eyelids, a gritty or burning sensation with excessive tearing, “pink eye”, crusting of eyelashes, flaking of the eyelid skin, light sensitivity, and blurred vision is most consistent with which eye disorder?

Answer 24

blepharitis

Question 25

how will I diagnose blepharitis?

Answer 25

physical exam

Question 26

what is the main treatment for blepharitis?

Answer 26

good lid hygiene

Question 27

what are 4 modes of treatment for mild to moderate symptoms of blepharitis?

Answer 27

1. warm compress
2. gentle massage
3. lid washing
4. artificial tears

Question 28

what are 3 things I can give a patient with blepharitis that does not respond to standard treatment?

Answer 28

1. topical antibiotic
2. oral antibiotic
3. topical glucocorticoids

Question 29

If topical antibiotic ointment does not work for a patient with blepharitis, what should I do?

Answer 29

refer to ophthalmologist

Question 30

what should I do in a patient with blepharitis who has refractory symptoms, severe eye redness/pain/light sensitivity, impaired vision, or corneal abnormalites?

Answer 30

refer to ophthalmologist

Question 31

an eye condition where the lower lid (most commonly) folds inwards

Answer 31

entropion

Question 32

what patient population is most likely to get entropion?

Answer 32

older patients

Question 33

what is the pathophysiology of entropion?

Answer 33

degeneration of the lid fascia

Question 34

how would I diagnose entropian?

Answer 34

history and physical

Question 35

what are 2 modes of treatment for entropion?

Answer 35

1. surgery
2. botulinum toxin injections

Question 36

when is surgery indicated for entropion?

Answer 36

if lashes rub on the cornea

Question 37

an eye condition where the lower lid folds outward

Answer 37

ectropion

Question 38

what patient population is most likely to get ectropion?

Answer 38

older patients

Question 39

what is the pathophysiology of ectropion?

Answer 39

breakdown of lid fascia

Question 40

infections in the cornea due to exposure because the lids cannot close

Answer 40

exposure keratitis

Question 41

when are 3 instances where surgery is indicated for ectropion?

Answer 41

1. excessive tearing
2. cosmetic problem
3. exposure keratitis