Rheumatology Flashcards
what is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
autoimmune inflammation in the joints lasting more than 6 weeks in patient under 16
- causes joint pain, swelling + stiffness
what are the 5 subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
systemic polyarticular oligoarticular psoriatic arthritis enthesitis related arthritis
what is systemic JIA
also known as Stills disease, systemic illness causing:
- salmon pink rash
- high swinging fevers
- arthritis
- lymphadenopathy
- weight loss
- muscle pain
what is polyarticular JIA
JIA affecting 5 joints or more
- typically symmetrical
- equivalent of RA in children
what is oligoarticular JIA
JIA affecting 4 joints or less
- typically affects a single large joint
- associated with anterior uveitis
- antinuclear antibodies often positive
what is psoriatic JIA
poly arthritis associated with psoriasis
- plaques on skin
- nail pitting
- onycholytis
what is enthesitis related JIA
arthritis + enthesitis (inflammation of tendon insertions)
- majority are HLA B27 positive
what is Henoch- Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
IgA vasculitis that presents with purpuric rash over lower limbs + buttocks
- often triggered by URTI / gastroenteritis
what are the 4 presenting features of HSP
purpuric rash
arthritis – most common in knees / ankles
abdo pain
renal involvement – IgA nephritis
management of HSP
supportive
condition is self limiting
what is Kawasaki disease
medium vessel vasculitis
presentation of Kawasaki disease
persistent high fever > 5 days
desquamination (peeling) of palms + soles
strawberry tongue (red tongue with large papillae)
cervical lymphadenopathy
maculopapular rash
what is an important complication of Kawasaki disease?
how is it screened for?
coronary artery aneurysm
screen for with echocardiogram
management of Kawasaki disease
high dose aspirin
IV immunoglobulins
what is rheumatic fever
autoimmune multisystem disorder that occurs 2-4 weeks post infection with group A step e.g. tonsillitis
