Infection Flashcards
presentation of chicken pox
fever initially
itchy rash starting on head/trunk before spreading
initially macular then papular then vesicular
fever, irritable, conjunctivitis is a prodrome for which infection
measles
koplike spots
white spots on buccal mucosa
- measles
maculopapular rash becoming confluent and blotchy
- what infection?
measles
presentation of mumps
fever, malaise, muscular pain
parotitis - earache/pain on eating (unilateral then bilateral)
presentation of rubella
pink maculopapular rash initially on face then spread to body
occipital/post auricular lymphadenopathy
what causes erythema infectiosum
parvovirus b19
presentation erythema infectiosum
‘slapped cheek’- rash on face
fever, lethargy, headache
cause of hand, foot + mouth
coxsackie A16 virus
fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth
scarlet fever
what causes scarlet fever
a reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci
roseola infantum is caused by what infection
human herpes virus 6
presentation of roseola infantum
high fever followed later by maculopapular rash (typically 3 days of fever, rash appears on 4th day)
- Nagayama spots: papular enanthem on the uvula and soft palate
- diarrhoea + cough also common
most common cause of meningitis in neonates
Group B strep
most common cause of meningitis in older children
Neisseria meningitides
Strep. Pneumoniae
symptoms of meningitis
fever neck stiffness vomiting headache photophobia altered consciousness / seizures
neonates can present with bulging fontanelles, poor feeding, lethargy, hypotonia - ‘floppy baby’
what is meningococcal septicaemia?
what are the clinical signs?
meningococcal infection has entered the bloodstream
- NON BLANCHING RASH
What is kernig’s test?
tests for meningeal irritation – indicative of meningitis
- get patient to lie on back and flex hip + knee, then straighten knee keeping hip flexed
- stretches meninges – causes pain in meningitis
investigation of meningitis
lumbar puncture at L3/L4 vertebral level
- bacterial: cloudy, high protein, low glucose, high neutrophils
- viral: clear, high lymphocytes, normal protein + glucose
management of meningitis in child
- < 3 months
- > 3 months
< 3 months: cefotaxime + amoxicillin
> 3 months: ceftriaxone + steroids (dexamethasone 4 x daily)
how long should a child with chickenpox be kept off school for
until all the lesions have crusted over
how long should a child with whooping cough be kept off school for
2 days after commencing antibiotics or 21 days from onset of symptoms if no antibiotics given
how long should a child with scarlet fever be kept off school for
24 hours after commencing antibiotics
what infections do not require school exclusion
conjunctivitis slapped cheek Roseola Infectious Mononucleosis Hand Foot + Mouth
how long should a child with D + V be kept off school for
until symptoms have settled for 48 hours
how long should a child with mumps be kept off school for
5 days from onset of swollen glands
how long should a child with measles or rubella be kept off school for
4 days from onset of rash
most common complication of measles
otitis media
presentation of sclarlet fever
fever, sore throat, strawberry tongue, flushed, ‘sandpaper’ rough rash
tx of scarlet fever
penicillin 10 days
what is a contraindication to LP in suspected meningitis
meningococcal septicaemia - blood culture + PCR instead any sign of raised ICP: - papilloedema - focal neurological signs - disseminated intravascular coagulation
most common cause of death in children with measles
pneumonia
