Renal Flashcards
what should be considered in children presenting with a fever
Urinary tract infection
which children should receive USS in the context of UTIs
babies under 6 months with their first UTI (within 6 weeks)
children with Recurrent UTIs (within 6 weeks)
children with atypical UTIs at time of illness
what is Visico-Ureteric Reflux
urine has a tendency to flow from bladder back to ureters
- predisposes to upper urinary tract infections + consequent renal scarring
how is visico-ureteric reflux investigated
micturating cystourethogram (MCUG) - Involves catheterising the child, injecting contrast into bladder and taking series of X-rays to determine whether contrast is refluxing into ureters
what is vulvovaginitis
inflammation + irritation of vulva / vagina
- common in young girls pre-puberty
presentation of vulvovaginitis
soreness, itching, erythema, dysuria
what is nephrotic syndrome
basement membrane of glomerulus becomes highly permeable to protein – protein leaks from blood into urine
triad of features in nephrotic syndrome
low serum albumin
high urine protein content
oedema
other features include: HTN, hypercoaguability, high cholesterol / triglycerides
symptoms of nephrotic syndrome
frothy urine (due to high protein content)
oedema
pallor
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
pathology behind minimal change disease
damage to podocytes causing foot process fusion
mediated by T cells
tx minimal change disease
prednisolone
what is nephritic syndrome
inflammation in the kidneys causing a reduction in kidney function
- haematuria ( visible or non visible)
- proteinuria (less than in nephrotic)
what are the most common causes of nephritis in children
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
what is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
nephritic syndrome 1-2 weeks post strep. infection
- haematuria
- HTN
- proteinuria
- low complement
