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Year 4: Paediatrics > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

peak incidence autumn + spring

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2
Q

presentation of bronchiolitis

A

course crepitations
wheeze
tachypnoea
hypoxia

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3
Q

what might a CXR show in bronchiolitis

A

hyperinflation / patchy infiltrative change

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4
Q

what is given to infants at risk of bronchiolitis?

e.g. children with chronic lung disease

A

palivizumab (RSV monoclonal antibody)

- given monthly as primary prophylaxis during RSV season

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5
Q

barking cough

A

croup

- viral laryngotracheal infection

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6
Q

presentation of croup

A

stridor, barking cough, increased work of breathing

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7
Q

tx croup

A

oral dexamethasone or nebulised budesonide

nebulised adrenaline if severe

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8
Q

fever, stridor, drooling, minimal cough

A

epiglottitis

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9
Q

tx epiglottitis

A

emergency - ENT/anaesthetic review to secure airway

IV antibiotics

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10
Q

organism that causes epiglottis

A

haemophilus influenza B

- rare now due to Hib vaccine

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11
Q

organism that causes whooping cough

A

bordatella pertussis

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12
Q

features of viral induced wheeze

A

wheeze following cough/coryza

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13
Q

tx viral induced wheeze

A
  1. SABA - salbutamol

2. Leukotriene receptor antagonist - Montelukast

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14
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is asthma

A

type 1 - IgE mediated

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15
Q

asthma signs and symptoms

A

expiratory wheeze
reduced peak flow

cough- worse at night
wheeze
breathlessness
chest tightness

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16
Q

spirometry results in asthma

A

FEV1 - reduced
FVC- normal
FEV1/FVC: <70%

17
Q

asthma pathway in children

A

SABA
SABA + ICS
SABA + ICS + Leukotriene receptor antagonist
SABA + ICS + LABA

18
Q

management of whooping cough

A

admit if under 6 months old

give clarithromycin if onset within 21 days

19
Q

presentation of whooping cough

A

2-3 days of coryza
bouts of coughing - usually worse at night / after feeding
inspiratory whoop
vomiting

20
Q

management of croup if steroids fail

A

oxygen + nebulised adrenaline

21
Q

what organism causes croup

A

parainfluenza

22
Q

most common cause of stridor in neonate

A

laryngomalacia

23
Q

features of a viral wheeze

A

wheeze present with an upper respiratory tract infection, absent the rest of the time

24
Q

management of a viral wheeze

A

1st line: salbutamol inhaler

2nd line: trial of montelukast / ICS

Year 4: Paediatrics (16 decks)

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