Malignancy Flashcards
abdominal mass, haematuria, flank pain in child <5 years
Wilms nephroblastoma
what are a third of wilms nephroblastoma’s associated with
loss of function of WT1 gene on chromosome 11
management of wilms tumour
nephrectomy (95% of cases are unilateral)
chemotherapy
what is WAGR syndrome
Wilms tumour
Aniridia (absence of iris)
Genitourinary malformations
Mental retardation
what is a neuroblastoma
most common extra cranial tumour in children
- average onset 18 months
tumour of sympathetic nervous system tissue – most commonly adrenal glands
presentation of neuroblastoma
abdominal mass, may be painful
symptoms due to excess catecholamines – HTN, dizziness, headaches
most common site of an osteosarcoma
femur
presentation of an osteosarcoma
persistent bone pain – worse at night
ix of suspected osteosarcoma
XRAY
- poorly defined lesion within bone + destruction of normal bone
- periosteal reaction – ‘sun burst’ appearance
what may blood tests show in osteosarcoma
raised ALP
management of osteosarcoma
resection of the lesion - often with limb amputation
+ chemotherapy
presentation of retinoblastoma
loss of red reflex + replacement with white pupil
strabismus
average age of retinoblastoma
18 months
inheritance of retinoblastoma
autosomal dominant
most common childhood malignancy
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
