Dermatology Flashcards
what is cradle cap
seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp in children
- erythematous rash with yellow scales
management of cradle cap
1st line: baby oil / vegetable oil
2nd line: white petroleum jelly overnight
3rd line: topical clotrimazole
presentation of urticaria
raised erythematous plaques with central pallor (weals)
can change size/location/shape
appear and disappear quickly
tx of urticaria
<1 years: oral clorphenamine
>1 years: oral cetirizine
presentation of impetigo
golden crusted plaques
common around mouth/nose
what causes impetigo
staph aureus
presentation of bullous impetigo
large flaccid yellow fluid filled bullae
burst to leave thin brown crust + central clearing
~ caused by staph aureus
tx of impetigo
co-amoxiclav 7 - 14 days
~ Azithromycin 3 days if penicillin allergic
presentation of eczema herpeticum
punched out lesions (circular, depressed, ulcerated)
often affects areas of existing eczema
DERM EMERGENCY
- can spread to eye (herpes keratitis – blindness)
- can spread to brain (encephalitis)
what virus causes eczema herpeticum
herpes simplex
tx of eczema herpeticum
aciclovir
presentation of erythema infectiosum
‘slapped cheek disease’
- red cheeks, burning hot, perioral sparing
non-specific viral symptoms
lace-like rash on limbs
what virus causes erythema infectiosum
parvovirus B19
tx of erythema infectiosum
self limiting
no school exclusion needed (infectious before rash onset)
avoid pregnant women - Parvovirus can cause spontaneous abortion
appearance of erythema multiforme
red macule — target lesion (dark dusky centre, pale oedematous ring, red halo outer ring)
causes of erythema multiforme
HSV most common
NSAIDS
Penicilllins
Anti-epileptic medications e.g. phenytoin
what virus causes hand foot and mouth disease
Cocksakie
presentation of measles
prodrome: fever, cough, coryza
koplik spots - blue/white spots on inside of mouth
blotchy rash starting behind ears and spreading down trunk
high fever
common complications of measles
pneumonia – leading cause of death
otitis media
diarrhoea
presentation of molluscum
dome shaped papules
central umbilication
shiny, itchy
- self limiting
presentation of rubella
macular papular pruritic rash
tender lymphadenopathy, coryza, malaise
presentation of scabies
itchy papular rash with visible burrows
tx scabies
permethrin cream / mathalion lotion
tx for entire household
bed linen / clothes washed after each tx
what causes scarlet fever
streptococcal infection – recent sore throat
presentation of scarlet fever
fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, strawberry tongue, malaise
sandpaper rough rash - looks like sunburn with pimples
tx scarlet fever
penicillin V 10 days
complications of scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
presentation of staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS)
fever, irritability
tissue paper like wrinkling of skin
large fluid filled blisters – rupture easily + peel off skin
Tx SSSS
IV Ceftriaxone (clarithromycin if allergic) Analgesia + fluids
