Dermatology

Question 1

what is cradle cap

Answer 1

seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp in children

- erythematous rash with yellow scales

Question 2

management of cradle cap

Answer 2

1st line: baby oil / vegetable oil
2nd line: white petroleum jelly overnight
3rd line: topical clotrimazole

Question 3

presentation of urticaria

Answer 3

raised erythematous plaques with central pallor (weals)
can change size/location/shape
appear and disappear quickly

Question 4

tx of urticaria

Answer 4

<1 years: oral clorphenamine

>1 years: oral cetirizine

Question 5

presentation of impetigo

Answer 5

golden crusted plaques

common around mouth/nose

Question 6

what causes impetigo

Answer 6

staph aureus

Question 7

presentation of bullous impetigo

Answer 7

large flaccid yellow fluid filled bullae
burst to leave thin brown crust + central clearing
~ caused by staph aureus

Question 8

tx of impetigo

Answer 8

co-amoxiclav 7 - 14 days

~ Azithromycin 3 days if penicillin allergic

Question 9

presentation of eczema herpeticum

Answer 9

punched out lesions (circular, depressed, ulcerated)
often affects areas of existing eczema
DERM EMERGENCY
- can spread to eye (herpes keratitis – blindness)
- can spread to brain (encephalitis)

Question 10

what virus causes eczema herpeticum

Answer 10

herpes simplex

Question 11

tx of eczema herpeticum

Answer 11

aciclovir

Question 12

presentation of erythema infectiosum

Answer 12

‘slapped cheek disease’
- red cheeks, burning hot, perioral sparing
non-specific viral symptoms
lace-like rash on limbs

Question 13

what virus causes erythema infectiosum

Answer 13

parvovirus B19

Question 14

tx of erythema infectiosum

Answer 14

self limiting
no school exclusion needed (infectious before rash onset)
avoid pregnant women - Parvovirus can cause spontaneous abortion

Question 15

appearance of erythema multiforme

Answer 15

red macule — target lesion (dark dusky centre, pale oedematous ring, red halo outer ring)

Question 16

causes of erythema multiforme

Answer 16

HSV most common
NSAIDS
Penicilllins
Anti-epileptic medications e.g. phenytoin

Question 17

what virus causes hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 17

Cocksakie

Question 18

presentation of measles

Answer 18

prodrome: fever, cough, coryza
koplik spots - blue/white spots on inside of mouth
blotchy rash starting behind ears and spreading down trunk
high fever

Question 19

common complications of measles

Answer 19

pneumonia – leading cause of death
otitis media
diarrhoea

Question 20

presentation of molluscum

Answer 20

dome shaped papules
central umbilication
shiny, itchy
- self limiting

Question 21

presentation of rubella

Answer 21

macular papular pruritic rash

tender lymphadenopathy, coryza, malaise

Question 22

presentation of scabies

Answer 22

itchy papular rash with visible burrows

Question 23

tx scabies

Answer 23

permethrin cream / mathalion lotion
tx for entire household
bed linen / clothes washed after each tx

Question 24

what causes scarlet fever

Answer 24

streptococcal infection – recent sore throat

Question 25

presentation of scarlet fever

Answer 25

fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, strawberry tongue, malaise
sandpaper rough rash - looks like sunburn with pimples

Question 26

tx scarlet fever

Answer 26

penicillin V 10 days

Question 27

complications of scarlet fever

Answer 27

rheumatic fever

Glomerulonephritis

Question 28

presentation of staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS)

Answer 28

fever, irritability
tissue paper like wrinkling of skin
large fluid filled blisters – rupture easily + peel off skin

Question 29

Tx SSSS

Answer 29

IV Ceftriaxone (clarithromycin if allergic)
Analgesia + fluids