revolutions Flashcards
revolution
An instrument of change promoting equality and combating oppression
types of revolutions
Politocal
Economical
Technological
Social
sci rev cause
Shift in mindset with Humanistic ideas and key inventions
heliocentric
Theory by Nicholas Copernicus placing the sun at the center
Orbital Theory
Theory by Johannes Kepler describing egg-shaped orbits
Galileo’s Discoveries
Revealed moon mountains, planetary details, and challenged Church beliefs
Scientific Method
Methodology for experimentation, developed by Francis Bacon
Three Branches of Government
Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches, by Montesquieu
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty, and Property by John Locke
when did the French rev start
1789
3 estates
First: Clergy, Second: Nobility, Third: Peasants
tennis court oath
Pledge by Third Estate not to disband until a constitution was written in June 1789
Storming of Bastille
Marked start of French Revolution, symbol of Monarchy’s overthrow
Bastille day
July 14, 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Inspired by English Bill of Rights, declares equality under law
Paris Commune
Radical commune leading to the National Convention
National Convention Parties
Girondins (conservative) and Jacobins (rebellious)
Robespierre
Jacobin leader during Reign of Terror, executed for violence
Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Both executed by guillotine for treason
Reign of Terror
Period of revolutionary courts prosecuting opponents
The Directory
Government with Upper and Lower houses, later overthrown
Coup D’Etat
Sudden overthrow of government, as with the Directory
Napoleon Bonaparte
Leader of the Coup D’Etat, made domestic improvements
Napoleon’s Empire
Comprised French Empire, Dependent States, and Allied States
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon’s defeat leading to exile, in Belgium
Napoleon’s Exile/Death
Exiled after Waterloo, died in 1821, possibly of stomach cancer
Industrial Revolution Start
Began in Great Britain due to resources, money, and population rise
Inventions Sparking Industrial Revolution
Spinning Jenny, Water Powered Loom
Steam Power Inventors
*James Watt (perfected)
Iron Works Peak Year
1852, with locomotive as influential invention by 1840
telegraph inventors
William Cooke, Charles Wheatstone
who made morse code
Samuel morse
factory workers treatment
Poorly treated, low wages, long hours
commercial capitalism
Trade-based economic system
industrial cspitalism
industry based economic ssytem
capitalists
Wealthy investors creating the middle class
first Russian czar
ivan the 4th (terrible)
Russian Time of Troubles Year
1598
when did the Romanov Dynasty begin
1613
Czar Nicolas II
Ruled during 1917, struggled with politics and economics
Empress Alexandra
Wife of Nicolas II, granddaughter of Queen Victoria
Rasputin
Monk and healer for Czar’s son, from Siberia
Provisional Government in Russia
Temporary government during WWI, dissatisfied peasants and workers
*Bolsheviks
- Party reflecting Russian revolution discontent
- A small faction of the Marxist Party called the Russian Social Democrats
*Soviets
Russian councils of workers and soldiers
*Vladimir Lenin
Bolshevik leader promising land redistribution and power transfer
Russian civil war
Communist army vs. monarchy supporters, leading to royal family execution
End of Russian Revolution
Communist regime established, opposition led to executions
Communism in Russia
Centralized state under single-party rule
what happened to the royal family in russia
-On July 16, 1918 member of the local soviet murdered the Czar and his entire family by shooting them point blank in the head
End of the Russian Revolution
June 16, 1923
*what 2 political groups came from the provisional gov
soviets and bulshavics
how did they kill rasputin
they tried to poison him then shot him and threw him in the river
*John Locke’s theory of rev
3 natural rights if therye threatened then revolt
*czar means
ceasar
*where people got info from before rev
Socrates aristotle
*storming of basitle
July 14 1789
how did they execute Romanov family
shot them point blnk
*3 French gov
legislative assembly, national convention, directory
*what did the 3rd estate want
the other estates to pay taxes and const gov
The Directory two houses?
- Council of elders (upper house)
-Lower house
What happened when Russia beat Japan and what was the resul
-After Russia’s defeat to Japan in Russo Japanese war Russia was ill prepared militarily for the total war of World War 1
communists
bolsheviks
