absolutism Flashcards
phillip II
most catholic king, converted prots to catholics
phillips II only victory
battle of lepanto (OE and holy league/spain) fighting for cyprus
phillip is known for his failures-
losing against england and spain (fall of the spanish armada) and not putting effort into learning the netherlands langauge and visitng there
armada
fleet of warships
huguenots
French Protestants influenced by John Calvin
Defenestration of Prague
Ferdinand II’s men were thrown out the window
Ferdinand II
Catholic and the Holy Roman Emperor
He wanted to convert everyone to Catholicism
Phases of the 30 Years War
Bohemian phase (1618-1625)
Danish phase (1625-1629)
Swedish phase (1630-1635)
French phase (1635-1648)
Edict of Restitution
any land that the Catholics lost to the Protestants had to be restored, given back, to the Catholics
Gustov Adolphus
King of Sweden
Peace of Prague 1635
the midway point between the 30 years war, protected only a small portion of the Holy Roman Empire / Protestant land
National Sovereignty
the independence of a state combined with the right and power of regulating itself without foreign interference
Divine Right of Kings
God gives you power as king
Puritans
protestants in England that were inspired by Calvanist ideas who wanted to purify the anglican church located in parliment
Cavaliers
Monarchy / Royalists
Roundheads
Parliamentary forces
Commonwealth
A political community where you vote people in for the common good of the people
English Bill of Rights
this bill laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy / made by William and Mary
Natural rights
Life, Liberty, and Property
Absolutism
Is a system in which a ruler holds total power
Mercantilism
The act of decreasing imports and increasing exports
Czar
Russian for Caesar; the title used by Russian emperors
Boyar
Russian title for a noble
Austrian Habsburgs
Had played a significant role in European politics as emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
Window to the West
A port with ready acces to Europe
Cardinals in France before Louis XIV
Cardinal Richelieu helped Louis XIII and Cardinal Mazarin helped Louis XIV / Cardinal Richelieu developed and kept the monarchy in France
Louis XIV - The Sun King
thought he could shine light on his people
Bribed people
He spent his money on parties, wars, and building Versailles
He personally felt he was a pretty bad king
Jean- Baptiste Colbert
Was asked for assistance by Louis XIV because Louis was bankrupt
He established the act of increasing exports and decreasing imports
He built roads and canals within France to try and get quickly spead across
Absolutism and military power
Is a system in which a ruler holds total power
Peace of Westphalia
Officially ended the war in 1648 and gave Sweden and France and their allies new territories idea of national soverignty
Fredrick William
Ran Prussia absolute ruler
Hapsburg family
They ran the Austrian Empire known for being holy roman emperors
Austrian empire
Was the traditional Austrian lands in present day Austria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary
Versailles
Established by Louis for 3 purposes
Royal council was the personal household of the king
Chief offices of the state were located there
The place powerful subjects came to find favors and offices themselves
French wars of religion
Henry IV the French crown / Huguenot converted to Catholicism
In order to stop the wars, he developed the Edict of Nantes
Huguenots have the same rights as Catholics
Henry IV
He was in France he was a Huguenot who converted to Catholisicm
Edict of Nantes
Recognized Catholicism as the official religion of FranceEdict of Nantes - Recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France
Oliver Cromwell
Is the lord protector of England
He was a Commonwealth
leader of round heads
Charles I
English Revolution happened during his reign
Son of James I
Charles II
Son of Charles I
He was the monarch that restored monarchy to England
Kept the Divine Right of Kings theory
William and Mary
They are married
Mary was the daughter of James II
They take over England and established a Constitutional Monarchy
Established the English Bill of Rights
Constitutional monarchy
system of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government
Romanov dynasty
Started after Ivan the terrible’s reign
Was established because of Russia fell into a state of anarchy
The emperors are Czars
Peter the Great
Made Russia Modern / Westernized it
He wanted to open up the window to the West
Locke
Believed that a government’s legitimacy came from the consent of the people they governed.
Hobbs
Was a proponent of Absolutism, a system which placed control of the state in the hands of a single individual, a monarch free from all forms of limitations or accountability.
James I
First absolute ruler and person to have the Divine Right of Kings
He believed God gave him his power
He believes he does not need a Parliament
James II
Brother of Charles II
He was Catholic
Parliament is looking for assistance with James II
Instead, Parliament asks for help with William of Orange to over power James II
battle of lepanto
OE vs Spain(Holy league)
they fought over cyprus and spain won
it gave spain acess to the med sea which gave them protection
the netherlands did what bc phillip sucked
they became prot and turned to william the silent and gained independance
french religious wars
henry IV was a huguenot but became catholic and gave the huguenots rights
peace of augsburg
let hre people choose to be catholic or lutherism
edict of restitution
danish phase
restored catholic land
swedish phase
put up a good fight but their king died and they lost morale
30 years war was fought between
hre vs dif people
french phase
dominant religion is catholic but they took the side of prot
the holy roman empire ceased to exist after the 3yw
national soverignty (happens bc the peace of westphalia)
disbands the hre and all these countries are like lets be independant and this leads them into absoluteism
ivan the terrible/iv
first ruler in russia to have the title czar
peter the great was part of
the romanov dynasty
english civil war
came first
cromwell helped the roundheads (parliment) against the cavaliers (people who supported the monarchy/charles I) most people were on roundheads side
