final Flashcards
who had control of china before ming+ghenghis khan
mongols
who was the last dynasty to work on the great wall of china
ming dynasty
*when did the ming dynasty collapse
1644
ming dynasty accomplishments
renovated the canal, new crops, manufacture goods, centralized govt and nationwide school system
ghengis khan
founder of the mongols
*who created the qing dynasty and helped them take over
manchus
qing dynasty
created by the manchus, fell due to western ideas
treaty of nerchinsk
established a good trade relationship between russia and china and
gave special trading status with the qings
Other european powers were limited to only trade at certain ports (Peter the great and kangxi)
opium wars
britain was upset they couldnt trade a lot with china and their tea was so expensive so they spent all their money and was like this sucks so they started illegaly selling drugs (opium) and then there was the opium war and in result britain got more ports in china and hongkong for 99 years
*treaty of nanjing
chinese agreed to open 5 costal ports for british trade
The chinese limited taxes on imported british goods and the chinese paid for expenses of the war
china also gave Britain hong kong
hong kong
under british rule for 99 years
perfect blend of British and Chinese cultures
the hong kongers dont want to throw away the culture and be communist so now theres unrest
open door policy
all powers with spheres of influence in china would respect equal trading opportunities with china and not set tarifs giving an unfair advantage to the citizens of their own country
boxer rebellion
Boxers were members of a secret organization called the society of harmonious fists
It was a group in china that took out and kiled westerners bc they didnt like westernization
The imperial gov was now weaker than ever
rape of nanjing
mass killing and abuse of Chinese citizens by Japanese soldiers
sun yet sen
created the nationalist gov
mao zedong
took over china and made it communist October 1st
communism in china
Rich vs working class
Revolt working class
Distribute wealth
communism
Confucianism
a philosophy and system of ethical conduct that since the 5th century b.c. has guided chinese society
Conf. emphasizes tradition, respect for the elderly, hierarchical social order and rule by a benevolent leader who is supposed to look out for the well being of the people
one child policy
couples could only have one kid and they wanted a boy and this drastically skwewed the gender ratio
shogun system
militaristic gov system
Japan’s isolationism
japan was isolationist to protect themselves
how did Japan’s isolationism break
America was like you have 6 months to decide to trade with us or we’ll come back wtuh warships
sat-cho
2 samurai groupings who overthrow the shogunate system, hence starting the the meiji restoration
Meiji restoration
political: western gov 2 main factions appeared in jp gov : liberals and progressives
economic: farmers had to pay taxes no matter what, made daiymos land gov land
military:imperial army
education: based off America system
what did Meiji spend money on
education, military and industry
anglo-japanese agreement
Jp protected british territory in east asia and britain recognized jp in korea
russo-jp war
china went after Korea and Russia wasn’t happy so the wat started
militaristic japan
everyone was desensitized and believed you did everything for your country, hated westerners
why did jp attack pearl harbor
oil
atomic bomb drop
August 6th, 1945
japan after wwi
radiation sickness, got rid of Meiji const, parliamentary based political system while the emperor changed to symbolic status
shinto
spirits
buddhism
reaching zen
koryo
og name of korea
hermit kingdom
korea was super isolated
why Korean isolationism was bad
they were too closed off to the point it hurt them bc they couldn’t get information or anything
who opens kor
japan does with the treaty of kanghwa
kr under jp rule
The first phase of occupation the krs were under the control of a jp police system which deprived many kr civilians of basic freedoms
Second phase the gov permitted krs a degree of expressionism and assembly. A time of leniency under jp rule
Third phase saw the return of strict rule as the jp ruthlessly exploited kr manpower to support war
The atomic bomb ended jp rule over kr
38th paralell
us was in south korea and the Soviet union was in the north and the north was left with a communist leader Kim IL sung
NK culutre
bad place
sk cultire
good place
kim dynaty
rule NK with absolute authority
justifications for imperialism
Humanitarian imperialism, racism and social darwinism
old vs new imperialists
old-small pockets of power, trading ports, nicer
new-wanted everything
protectorate
we’ll protect u from britain for say in gov
Annexation
forceful taking of a country
what did the British do
took Egypt and made the suez canal which helped trade and connected Egypt to london
Countries active in colonizing Asia
uk France netherlands
Countries imperialized in North Africa
France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy.
4,5,6
fusi, north, africa
Countries imperialized in west Africa
Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and Nigeria.
First to colonize Africa
British and france
Italy’s issues with imperialism
got libya and failed taking ethiopia
Berlin conference
european from dif countries and agreed to trade w eachother
no African reps
What year was africa completely taken over by european countries?
1914
benefits to imperialism
brought western ideas, construction and medicine to the countries, built trade routes and stuff that helped them after
negatives to imperialism
robbing the people of their materials, freedom , and culture
MAIN
militarism alliances imperialism nationalism
militarism
having the strongest and most powerful army
allies
good relationship with other nations where you back each other up in a war
imperialism
taking natural resources from other countries
nationalism
extreme pride in your country, not backing down and not being afraid to die for your country
Austrian empire
large political entity
Created by the Hapsburg family
countries and cultures in AE
11 dif
Hapsburg family history
many Hapsburgs were part of the HRE so when it ended they made a new empire
how it became auian-hungarian empire
Hungarians looked for ewuality and wanted change but wanted the Hapsburg leader to stay in power
Franz joseph
he thought his nephew was too easily influenced and not fit to be leader
franz Ferdinand ii
archduke
Which country was fed up with Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Serbians were mad after the Balkans were annexed
black hand
terrorist group who plotted to kills franz Ferdinand ii
how did the assassination happen
the bomb went off to early but later a guy in a deli saw his float go by and shot him
how did everyone declare war on eachother
through alliances it was a domino effect
triple aliance
austrian-hungary Italy germany
triple entante
brit France russia
copernicus
developed the heliocentric theoru
montesqieu
3 branch gov
executive, legislative, judicial
kepler
claimed planets orbit in an egg shape
Issac newton
discovered gracity and the 3 laws of motion
Francis bacon
scientific method
John locke
natural rights-justified revolution
life, liberty, property
descartes
mind over matter and “I think therefore I am”
French estates
1-clergy 2-nobility 3-peasants
galileo
mountains on Earth’s moon
tennis court oath
Pledge by Third Estate not to disband until a constitution was written in June 1789
storming of bastile
Marked start of French Revolution, symbol of Monarchy’s overthrow
declaration of rights of man
Inspired by English Bill of Rights, declares equality under law
legislative assembly
1st French gov
national convention
2nd French gov
girodins, jacobins
directory
3rf French gov
council of elders, lower house
national convention parties
Girondins (conservative) and Jacobins (rebellious)
robespierre
Jacobin leader during Reign of Terror, executed for violence
reign of terror
Period of revolutionary courts prosecuting opponents
coup d’etat
Sudden overthrow of government, as with the Directory
3 domestic improvements in France from Napoleon
-Made peace with the Catholic church
-Developed the Napoleonic code (7)
-Kept reforms that the revolutionaries wanted
Napoleonic Codes
7
Napoleon and russia
Napoleon was lured deep into Russia, Russians burnt everything after them si he got no supplied and eventually his army like froze then he was exiled after
after Napoleon exiled
went back to France and battle of waterloo
dependant states
kingdoms ruled by relatives of Napoleon (Rely on him)
enemies of napoleon
Britain russia
factory workers treatment
really bad, they’re abused and don’t get treated fairly
industrialzation in germany
German state of Prussia was rich in iron and coal so Germany gov insisted in the development of iron, steel, and chemical manufacturing companies
first place to industrialized
britain
commercial capitalism
economic system based on trade
industrial capitalism
economic system based on industry
capitalist
a wealthy person who uses money to invest in trade and industry
Nicholas ii
excelled in history and foreign languages and struggled in politics and economics
Making matters worse his father failed to train him in matter of the state
alexandra
granddaughter of famous Queen Victoria of Britain
shy and was described as a “homebody” who stayed mostly in the Russian palaces
Rejected people that wanted to come to her party if they where scandalous
rasputin
ordinary guy from Siberia
-He was described as a monk though he held no position in Russian Orthodox Church
-In 1906 he became the faith healer for the Czar’s son and continued to influence the royal family
hw did rasputin manipulate monarch
He “healed” Edward of hemophilia and got in their good graces so they started coming to him before making any political decisions
bolsheviks
-A small faction of the Marxist Party called the Russian Social Democrats
soviets
Russian councils composed of representatives from workers and soldiers
Vladimir Lenin
leader of bolsheviks
Russian civil war
Communist army fought on many fronts
-Attacks came for Siberia, Ukraine, Georgia, Russian, Armerina, and Azerbaijan.
countries imperialize in east africa
Britain, germany, Portugal, belgium
countries colonized in central africa
France Belgium
south africa
dutch, britain
