protestant reformation Flashcards
Fire and brimstone preaching
an aggressive way of preaching that threatens eternal damnation
Indulgences
financial payments made to the pope in exchange for eternal salvation
Excommunication
excluding someone from participating in sacraments the catholic church
Christian Humanism
combined individualism with the desire to reform the CC
Desiderius Erasmus
best known christian humanist
In his satire the praise of folly in 1509 he humorously criticized societies moral and rel state
He sought for reform in the CC and his intention wasn’t to have people break away from it
His ideas prepared the way for the reformation
The Praise of the Folly
satire written in 1509 Eramus humorously criticized society’s moral and religious state and called for simpler purer faith
Martin Luther
wrote 95 theses and was a big impact on lutherism adn stopped indulgences October 31, 1517
Martin Luther’s commitment to Catholicism
What Martin Luther believed
Luther found that humans couldn’t be saved by their good works; but by their faith in God.
95 Theses
On October 31, HALLOWEEN 1517, Martin Luther, angered by the churches practices made his 95 theses public
How did Lutheranism spread throughout Holy Roman Empire
Luther was able to gain the support of many of the German rulers among the 300 states that made upon the movement the last time he ever led the Holy Roman Empire
Charles V
Charles saw the Reformation as a force that disrupted the political and social order
Charles had hoped to keep the Roman Empire catholic
Peace of Augsburg
peace of augsburg put into place, it officially ended christian unity in europe
Ulrich Zwingli
Wrote his 67 theses in 1523 in which he rejected beliefs like purgatory, the mass, forced fasting etc
67 theses
67 theses in 1523 in which he rejected beliefs like purgatory, the mass, forced fasting etc written by ulrich zwingli
Division in Switzerland
Zwinglis movement spread to other cities in switz
October 1531 war broke out between protestant and catholic states in switz
John Calvin
1536 he published his institutes of the Chrotstian rel which was a summary of his understanding of prot thought
Predestination
meant that God selected some people to be saved and others to be damned.
How Calvinism Spread
Calvinists believed they were doing gods work
This conviction made them determined to spresd their faith
Calvin created a govt of divine authority in geneva
This govt used church leaders and non clergy in his church
Lutheranism VS Calvinism
Lutheranism
Follower of martin luther
Salvation can be achieved through faith
Head of church is he elected council
Preaching and rituals
Bible is considered the true word
Calvinism
Follower of john calvin
Predestination
Head of church is council of elders
Only believe in preaching
Believe one can have a direct relationship w god
Henry VIII
Succeeded the throne of england in 1509 bc his brothers death
V religious (catholic)
Obsessed with having a male heir
All 6 of Henry VIII’s wives
catherine of aragon
anne boelyn
jane seymour
anne cleves
catherine howard
catherine parr
Mary queen of Scots
catherine of aragons daughter
After edward died at 15, Mary came to the throne
She wanted to restore england to catholicism
Her efforts had the opposite effect
Burned 300 protestants earning her the nickname “bloody mary”
Elizabeth I
annes daughter
spread protestantism by spreading protestantism. Her mother (Anne Boylen) loved the Angelican/ protestant Church.
Tower of London
Built in 1066
This site is famous for being the place of execution for Henry VII’s wives Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard.
Edward VI
henrys only son who died at 15
English Reformation
Rooted in politics
- Henry VII wanted to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon due to her not bearing him a male.
Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn
The pope at the time(Pope Clement VII) was unwilling to annul-declare invalid) the king’s marriage so Henry turned to England’s highest church courts.
Annulment
the act of disregarding a marriage
Act of Supremacy 1534
The Act of Supremacy of 1534 that the king was “the only supreme head on the earth of the new church of England.”
Thomas More
Henry VII’s confidant Thomas More, a Christian humanist, and devout Catholic opposed Henry’s separation from the church
In 1534 Thomas more refused to swear to Henry’s ct of Succession
This amounted to More essentially refusing to accept the king as the head of the church of England
More was sent to the Tower of London in 1534 and was found guilty of treason.
1534 Thomas was beheaded
How Henry VIII is removed Catholicism from England
Henry used his new power to close monasteries
He sold their land and possessions to landowners and merchants
The king received a boost to his treasury
The new England Church became what is today the Anglican Church
Anglican Church stayed close the Catholic teachings
How Henry VIII’s kids spread Protestantism throughout Europe
king dies he was succeeded by Edward 5th who turned the Anglican Church in a more protestant direction
After Edwar’s death at 15 Mary the First came to the throne in 1553
Mary was Catholic who wanted to restore England to Catholicism
Her efforts had the opposite effect
Among her actions she ordered the burning of more that 300 Protestants earning her the nickname “Bloody Mary”
Protestantism and Education
Protestant Marriage
Protestants had abolished monasticism and the requirement of celibacy of clergy.
The mutual love between a man and a wife should be praised.
More often marriage reflected the traditional roles of the husband as the ruler and wife as the obedient servant and bearer of children.
Counter Reformation
3 elements of Catholic Reformation
1-establishment of the religious order of the Jesuit, the second was the reform of the papacy, the 3rd was the Council of Trent.
Development of Jesuits
all Jesuits take a vow of honoring the pope for obedience.
-jesuits used education to spread their message and established schools.
The carmelite order was developed as well by Teresa of Avila.
Carmelites took a complete vow of poverty and followed a strict way of life
Reform of papacy
He took the step of establishing a reform commision in 1535 to determine the church ills.
The commission blamed the Church’s problems on the pope’s corrupt policies.
Therefore, also called the Council of Trent.
Council of Trent
was made to reform the church (made the ideas to reform it and created jesuits and reform of the papalcy)
what hapened when elizbeth took over
When elizabeth the first took over she returned england to its anglican ways
act of supremacy
In 1534 parliament finalized england’s break with the pope and CC
Act of supremacy of 1534 that the king was the only supreme head on earth of the new church of england
on the exam get specific ex if ur talking abt martin luther say lutherism not protistism yk
carmelites
female version of jesuits
teresa of avila is the founder
anne boelyn and katherine howards were executed at the
tower of london
